中国沿海港口总体规划环境影响评价研究

中国港口规划环境影响评价自2004年正式启动,至今已经过十余年的探索和发展,各方面都取得了很好的成效,逐步进入到规范化和成熟化阶段。但在中国环境保护发展的新形势下,港口规划环评工作仍在工作机制和技术方法等方面存在诸多问题。本研究系统性回顾了中国港口规划环评的发展历程,梳理了环评管理架构和工作流程,分析了中国港口规划环评存在的主要问题,并从工作机制、成果落实和技术方法等方面提出了相应的对策建议。     

环境污染型项目中农村移民安置规划研究--以梅城垃圾填埋场为例

在一些环境污染型工程项目中,做好农村移民的安置规划工作尤为重要。借助世行贷款项目,通过持续的实际调研,以梅城垃圾填埋场为例,介绍了项目的建设主要内容及影响。从征地补偿安置、农村住宅房屋拆迁安置及弱势群体及妇女权益保护三个方面论述了农村移民生产生活安置方式。基于此,总结出了以下四个结论：(1)严格遵守相关法律法规、(2)征迁过程与安置工作相协调、(3)合理补偿,适当调整、(4)强化机构建设和人员能力培养。并提出了四条合理化建议。     

Waste‐to‐energy recovery potential: A case study at Jaipur railway station

A study was conducted at the Jaipur railway station in Jaipur, India, to give the perspectives of the actual waste management practices there. Required information was collected from the stakeholders by means of semi‐structured questionnaires, individual and group interviews, and recorded, official data regarding waste generation, collection, transportation, and disposal. Further quantitative and compositional analyses were performed by means of surveys and measurements. Field visits were made for collection of waste samples for quantification and for the study of its management. The field data were compiled and analyzed by sorting the waste into different components. It was found that 1.8 tons of solid waste is collected per day, and a considerable percentage of it comprises paper, plastic, and glass. Excluding the inerts, which are irrelevant from the point of view of energy saving and recovery potential, the average moisture content was found to be 3.38%. From the perspective of life cycle analysis, the option of composting or recycling would give savings of 28.33 gigajoules (GJ) per day over landfilling, while combustion would give savings of 2.97 GJ per day in comparison to landfilling. Analysis based on a compositional model gives a heat value of 8,157.87 kilojoules per kilogram, which amounts to 14.68 GJ of energy per day.     

“New roads – new goals. Positions of feminist planning”. Frei.Räume no. 10, edited by the German FOPA (feminist organisation of (female) planners and architects) in 1998

This Translations contribution presents the 10th issue of the series Frei.Räume (in English: Free spaces), edited by the German Feminist Organisation of (female) Planners and Architects (FOPA) in 1998. The issue was titled “New roads – new goals. Positions of feminist planning” and reflected the contemporary discussions on the state of the art of feminism, gender and planning. While progress was recognized, many authors felt uncomfortable with the ways that feminist concerns had been implemented into planning, and they were looking for ways forward. Among the authors were the most important protagonists of the debates at the time. Looking at the issue today, it becomes clear that many concerns are as up to date as they were in the late 1990s, although circumstances have changed. The paper argues that it is worthwhile to pay attention to these feminist debates in order to develop future strategies for feminism in planning.     

Management of sustainability transitions through planning in shrinking resource city contexts: an evaluation of Yubari City,Japan

This paper evaluates the planning competences required to enact a managed transition to sustainability at the municipal level for cities facing population, economic and employment decline. Drawing on the ‘shrinking cities’ literature, we argue consolidation of the built environment can become a focal point for sustaining citizen welfare when transitioning cities that are facing decline, especially those previously reliant on resource industries. We evaluate the former coal mining city of Yubari, Japan, which is developing a consolidated urban form with the aim of creating a ‘sustainable’ future city. Findings from interviews and content analysis of Yubari’s planning policy indicate, however, that to translate ‘shrinking’ a city into a managed transition, spatial planning must be accompanied by a wider range of social policy measures and strong cross-sectoral engagement. We also caution that the unique geographical and political context of Yubari mean its model may not be directly replicable in other contexts.     

A responsibility–accountability framework for private sector use of a World Heritage Area

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a natural asset of global significance, spanning 2600?km’s along the Australian coastline. On the southern tip of the GBR is the Gladstone region, where high levels of industrial activity have been juxtaposed with the natural wonder, and World Heritage Listed, GBR. Given these competing local priorities, this research explores local perceptions of the GBR and its management. Exploratory analysis of 38 interviews with residents and stakeholders from Gladstone revealed a potential incongruence between environmental concern and support for more stringent management of the tourism and resources sectors on the GBR. A responsibility–accountability framework (RAF) for managing the use and protection of the GBR is developed by drawing on current theoretical frameworks and the results of the interviews. Importantly the framework highlights the importance of business responsibility combined with monitoring and control mechanisms to ensure accountability and to deliver transparency, education and partnership. Future research should apply the RAF for testing and application in other marine World Heritage Area contexts.     

Implementation of the ecosystem services approach in Swedish municipal planning

While ecosystem-based planning approaches are increasingly promoted through international and national policies, municipalities are still struggling with translating them into practice. Against this background, this paper aims to increase the knowledge of current advances and possible ways to support the implementation of the ecosystem services (ES) approach at the municipal level. More specifically, we analyze how ES have been integrated into comprehensive planning within the municipality of Malmö in Sweden over the last 60 years, a declared forerunner in local environmental governance. Based on a content analysis of comprehensive plans over the period 1956–2014 and interviews with municipal stakeholders, this paper demonstrates how planning has shifted over time toward a more holistic view of ES and their significance for human well-being and urban sustainability. Both explicit and implicit applications of the ES concept were found in the analyzed comprehensive plans and associated programs and projects. Our study shows how these applications reflect international, national, and local policy changes, and indicates how municipalities can gradually integrate the ES approach into comprehensive planning and facilitate the transition from implicit to more explicit knowledge use.     

轻型汽车和汽车塑料配件涂装工艺过程的VOCs组分特征

通过采集和分析珠江三角洲(以下简称“珠三角”)地区轻型汽车和汽车塑料配件涂装工艺过程的VOCs样品,识别了上述两个行业不同涂装工艺过程的VOCs组分特征.结果表明:芳香烃(56.4%~75.5%)和OVOCs(11.0%~35.7%)为轻型汽车涂装工艺占比最大的两种VOCs组分;烷烃和烯炔烃在烘干工艺所占比重要高于喷涂工艺;1,2,4-三甲苯为电泳和面涂烘干工序的主要VOCs组分,间/对-二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯分别为中涂、面涂和中涂烘干工序的主要VOCs组分.汽车塑料配件涂装工艺不同工序的VOCs组成相似,芳香烃(53.3%~58.3%)和OVOCs(40.9%~45.8%)为主要VOCs组成,甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等为主要VOCs组分.不同废气治理设施对汽车塑料配件涂装工艺VOCs组分会造成一定的影响.活性炭吸附治理设施处理后的主要VOCs组分为甲苯、乙苯和邻二甲苯等芳香烃组分,水喷淋治理设施则为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯等OVOCs类组分.通过与其他研究对比,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯作为原辅料和废气中的主要组分之一,在以往研究中并未识别出来,表明针对测试对象的原辅料与工艺信息的现场调研是开展VOCs组分特征及成分谱研究的基础工作,建议未来该方面研究加强对前期调研工作的重视.此外,建议关注行业发展趋势给VOCs成分谱研究带来的影响.     

中山市旱季霾特征及数值模拟分析

利用观测数据、Hysplit后向轨迹模式以及WRF-CMAQ模式对中山市旱季霾特征进行模拟分析.中山市霾污染的天气形势以大陆高压型为主.当相对湿度在71%~90%时,气溶胶浓度和能见度的负相关性最显著,且当能见度减小到5 km以下时,PM_(2.5)浓度的大幅减小才能使能见度略有好转.最有可能引起中山发生霾天气的两条污染带,一条是沿中山至湖南南部,另一条是沿中山到粤东地区.WRF-CMAQ模式能较好地模拟出2014年1月份中山PM_(2.5)浓度、能见度的变化趋势以及广东省区域内灰霾的污染过程.在气溶胶质量权重及消光贡献中,硫酸盐的比重最高,在高相对湿度下,二次气溶胶的消光权重超过80%.通过中山PM_(2.5)过程分析发现,在霾过程,无冷空气时PM_(2.5)主要来自气溶胶反应、排放源和水平平流,贡献率分别为35%、15%和10%,有冷空气时水平平流的贡献最大,达37%;在清洁过程,无冷空气时气溶胶主要靠水平平流和干沉降清除,贡献率分别为-39%和-14%,有冷空气时清除以水平平流和垂直对流、扩散为主,贡献率分别为-29%和-25%,说明不同天气条件下霾的污染和清洁机制有着明显差别.