试论公众参与环境决策

公众参与环境决策的理论和实践在我国还是一个新事物。本文深入探讨了在我国公众参与环境决策的理论依据、法律依据以及现实依据；并从现实的角度对我国公众参与环境决策的作用和现状进行了分析；最后，针对我国公众参与环境决策实践过程中存在的问题提出了加强环保知识宣传，完善环境立法以及扩展环境知情权等四点进一步促进我国公众参与环境决策的对策。     

Interregional burden-sharing of greenhouse gas mitigation in the United States

Emissions trading is anattractive candidate for implementinggreenhouse gas mitigation, because it canpromote both efficiency and equity. Thispaper analyzes the interregional impacts ofalternative allocations of carbon dioxideemission permits within the U.S. Theanalysis is performed with the aid of anonlinear programming model for ten EPARegions and for six alternative permitdistribution formulas. The reason thatvarious alternatives need to be consideredis that there is no universal consensus onthe best definition of equity. Advanceknowledge of absolute and relative regionaleconomic impacts provides policy-makerswith a stronger basis for making thechoice. The analysis yields several usefulresults. First, the simulations indicatethat no matter how permits are allocated,this policy instrument can substantiallyreduce the cost of GHG mitigation for theU.S. in comparison to a system of fixedquotas for each of its regions. Interestingly, the welfare impacts ofseveral of the allocation formulas differonly slightly despite the large differencesin their philosophical underpinnings. Also, the results for some equity criteriadiffer greatly from their application inthe international domain. For example, theEgalitarian (per capita) criterion resultsin the relatively greatest cost burdenbeing incurred by one of the regions of theU.S. with the lowest per capita income.     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.     

多媒体课件制作及在教学中的应用

本文分析了在课堂教学中使用多媒体技术的重要作用及意义,提出了多媒体课件的内容构成、制作方法,以及多媒体课件制作和在教学中使用需注意的问题。     

高压变电站改造的安全监督管理

以茂名分公司动力厂南110kV变电站改造项目为例，从组织措施，安全教育，施工准备，现场安全管理等方面，阐述对高压变电站改造项目的安全监督管理。     

中国环境产业发展的政策选择

选择中国环境产业发展政策，首先要选择开拓环境产业需求的政策，并着重考虑环境产业的问题经济效益问题和加强环境产业的能力建设。对中国环境产业发展政策进行了研究与分析。     

价格体制改革中的环境政策调控

以价格体制改革为主线，着重分析和评价价格体制改革给环境保护工作带来的积极效应和负面影响。依据经济体制改革的客观要求，提出进一步利用价格杠杆加强环境保护工作的措施与方法。     

土地荒漠化的成因、危害及防治对策

土地荒漠化是指在干旱、半干旱和某些半湿润、湿润地区,由于气候变化和人类活动等各种因素所造成的土地退化,它使土地生物和经济生产潜力减少,甚至基本丧失.我国是全球荒漠化面积较大、分布较广、危害较严重的国家之一.近年来由于采取了一系列有效的治理措施,荒漠化和沙化整体扩展的趋势已得到初步遏制,但形势依然严峻.     

浅析中国生态农业建设的基本原则及对策

生态农业建设是一个渐进的过程，相关环境政策要体现可持续发展原则。本文提出了中国生态农业建设应遵循的原则及重点领域，并提出了一些对策及建议。     

转炉炼钢污泥处理技术与实践

介绍了对炼钢污泥处理系统中的加药间和压滤机的技术改造 ,改善了作业环境 ,减轻了工人劳动强度 ,并取得了一定的经济效益