硝酸银滴定法与硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定水中氯化物（Cl^-）的方法比对

用硝酸银滴定法、硫氰酸汞分光光度法分别测定高浓度的考核已知样及低浓度的考核未知样，均合格。说明两种方法都能满足水和废水中氯化物（Cl^-）测定的需要。     

煤矸石制取聚羟基氯化铝的研究

介绍了用煤矸石制取聚羟基氯化铝的方法,研究了酸浸、调整盐基度等过程的最佳工艺过程。     

氧化法处理对氯氰苄废水

针对对氯氰苄生产废水中氰化物浓度较高,提出了次氯酸钠氧化法治理工艺.实践表明,经该工艺处理,废水中COD、氰化物等污染物指标能达到GB8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>一级排放标准要求,除氰效果明显,具有显著的环境和经济效益.     

沉淀—树脂吸附法处理对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐生产废水的研究

对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐（ＰＡＢＳ）是生产染料的重要中间体。在ＰＡＢＳ生产过程中，排放出高浓度（ＣＯＤ４万～８万ｍｇ／Ｌ）、高色度（４万～８万）、高毒性（含苯胺和对氨基偶氮苯）和高氯（Ｃｌ－４万～１０万ｍｇ／Ｌ）的废水。利用中和沉淀—大孔吸附树脂吸附法进行了处理工艺的小试研究。结果表明，废水色度去除率达到９９９％，降到２０以下；出水中基本不含对氨基偶氮苯（ＰＡＢ）；出水中苯胺的浓度降到３ｍｇ／Ｌ。ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析的结果表明，乙醇脱附液中苯胺是最主要的有机物，所以利用该工艺能实现苯胺的回收。     

大型构件防腐喷砂(涂)车间通风除尘设计

考虑到大型构件喷砂（涂）车间铝粉尘污染的特点以及构件进出空间的限制，比较了各种类型的除尘器，选择了最合理的通风除尘方案，进行了通风除尘系统的设计。该设计方案实施后，除尘效果显著。     

Starch, Poly(lactic acid), and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends

Research on biodegradable materials has been stimulated due to concern regarding the persistence of plastic wastes. Blending starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising efforts because starch is an abundant and cheap biopolymer and PLA is biodegradable with good mechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) contains unhydrolytic residual groups of poly(vinyl acetate) and also has good compatibility with starch. It was added to a starch and PLA blend (50:50, w/w) to enhance compatibility and improve mechanical properties. PVOH (M_W 6,000) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (by weight) based on the total weight of starch and PLA, and 30% PVOH at various molecular weights (M_W 6,000, 25,000, 78,000, and 125,000 dalton) were added to starch/PLA blends. PVOH interacted with starch. At proportions greater than 30%, PVOH form a continuous phase with starch. Tensile strength of the starch/PLA blends increased as PVOH concentration increased up to 40% and decreased as PVOH molecular weight increased. The increasing molecular weight of PVOH slightly affected water absorption, but increasing PVOH concentration to 40% or 50% increased water absorption. Effects of moisture content on the starch/PLA/PVOH blend also were explored. The blend containing gelatinized starch had higher tensile strength. However, gelatinized starch also resulted in increased water absorption.     

GROUND WATER NITRATE REDUCTION IN GIANT CANE AND FOREST RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES1

ABSTRACT: Ground water contamination by excess nitrate leaching in row‐crop fields is an important issue in intensive agricultural areas of the United States and abroad. Giant cane and forest riparian buffer zones were monitored to determine each cover type's ability to reduce ground water nitrate concentrations. Ground water was sampled at varying distances from the field edge to determine an effective width for maximum nitrate attenuation. Ground water samples were analyzed for nitrate concentrations as well as chloride concentrations, which were used as a conservative ion to assess dilution or concentration effects within the riparian zone. Significant nitrate reductions occurred in both the cane and the forest riparian buffer zones within the first 3.3 m, a relatively narrow width. In this first 3.3 m, the cane and forest buffer reduced ground water nitrate levels by 90 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Approximately 40 percent of the observed 99 percent nitrate reduction over the 10 m cane buffer could be attributed to dilution by upwelling ground water. Neither ground water dilution nor concentration was observed in the forest buffer. The ground water nitrate attenuation capabilities of the cane and forest riparian zones were not statistically different. During the spring, both plant assimilation and denitrification were probably important nitrate loss mechanisms, while in the summer nitrate was more likely lost via denitrification since the water table dropped below the rooting zone.     

Enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by filamentation-suppressed recombinantEscherichia coli in a defined medium

Fed-batch cultures of recombinantEscherichia coli strains were carried out for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) in a chemically defined medium. TheE. coli strains used were XL1-Blue, harboring pSYL105, a stable high-copy number plasmid containing theAlcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) genes, and XL1-Blue, harboring pSYL107, which is pSYL105 containing theE. coli ftsZ gene to suppress filamentation. With XL1-Blue(pSYL105) the final cell mass and PHB concentration obtained in 62 h were 102 and 22.5 g/L, respectively. Fed-batch culture of XL1-Blue(pSYL107) under identical conditions resulted in a final cell mass and PHB concentration of 127.5 and 48.2 g/L, respectively. The PHB contents obtained with XL1-Blue(pSYL105) and XL1-Blue(pSYL107) were 22.1 and 37.8%, respectively. Therefore, PHB was more efficiently produced in a defined medium by employing filamentation-suppressed recombinantE. coli.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic Acid) and poly(ethylene/butylene Succinate) blends

In this study, blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(ethylene/butylene succinate) (Bionolle) have been investigated for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of the concentration of Bionolle. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests were used to characterize the blends. From the results of the DMA and DSC, it was found that this blend system was not miscible within the compositions studied. DSC results showed that adding Bionolle aids in crystallization of PLA. It was observed that increasing the Bionolle concentration led to a slight increase in the strain-at-break of the blends but a decrease in the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Biaxially oriented films showed an increase in tensile strength, modulus, and strain-at-break.     

刺激性气体HCl在不同尺度火灾实验中的释放行为

火灾是一种灾害性燃烧现象 ,给人员和财产安全带来极大损失。氯化氢 (HCl)是火灾烟气中阻碍人员逃生的最重要的刺激性气体之一。以典型的小尺度和大尺度实验为例 ,分析了加热程度和通风供氧对常用有机材料起火后释放HCl的影响 ,发现不论小尺度还是大尺度 ,HCl的形成只与燃烧过程有关 ,与氧化过程无关 ,HCl的生成率不随通风情况不同而改变。实验中影响HCl释放的主要因素是热 (辐射加热热流密度或温度 )。当超过CCl键发生断裂的温度后 ,继续升温HCl释放速率不发生改变 ,出现稳定释放阶段。在反映HCl释放过程不同尺度间存在共性 ,因此 ,利用小尺度的结果进行释放规律内在机理的探索是合理的方法