一种染料废水脱色絮凝剂(PSAM)的制备和效果实验

制备了一种含有金属离子的聚硅酸脱色絮凝剂(简称PSAM)。试验了它对染料废水的脱色效果及对高岭土悬浊液的去浊效果,并与PAC的去浊效果进行了比较。考察了影响PSAM絮凝及脱色效果的因素。实验结果表明,pH在5.5—10.5范围内,PSAM具有良好的去浊效果。PSAM的两个最佳脱色区,在pH为6～8,和pH为13.0左右。与PAC相比,PSAM除具有良好的絮凝效果外,还具有良好的脱色效果。     

三元复合驱采出水乳化稳定性及破乳的研究

由于三元复合驱原油中新型驱油用化学品的应用以及原油劣质化使得采出水乳化严重.而且三元复合驱采出水经油水分离后含油量升高.基于此.通过对不同类型的破乳剂的分析及其工艺条件的考察,探讨了影响三元复合驱采出水破乳的因素,其中破乳剂FB94具有较好的破乳效果.采用模拟三元复合驱采出水(碱为1 200 mg/L、聚合物为200 mg/L、表面活性剂为400mg/L),投加破乳剂FB94为160 mg/L,控制沉降时问为120 min、温度为45℃,当初始含油量为5 000 mg/L时.破乳后水中含油量降至195 mg/L,脱油率为96.1%,当初始含油量为1 500 mg/L时,破乳后水中含油量降至87 mg/L.脱油率为94.2%.     

含铬钻井泥浆固化及影响因素

固化技术是含铬钻井泥浆无害化处理最有效的方法。以四川西部某钻井泥浆为研究对象,选取水泥、石灰、聚铝和水玻璃作为固化处理剂,运用正交试验研究了含铬钻井泥浆实验条件。最佳试验配方是：先将泥浆含水率调整为46%,水泥、聚铝、石灰和水玻璃的添加量分别为10%、1%、3%和0.5%。固化72 h,该试验配方对六价铬和总铬的固化率分别达到93%和95%,浸出六价铬浓度符合地下水三类水标准(GB/T14848-9),浸出总铬浓度符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB5085.3-1996）。     

聚合铝混凝过程中pH值的计算与调控

本文通过对混凝过程中典型酸碱平衡体系进行分析,提出了对无机离分子絮凝剂聚合铝（PACl）混凝过程中混凝剂投药量与pH值变化关系进行近似计算的方法,并引入了混凝过程水解度的概念。而后根据实验结果进行了进一步的修正。     

2000年全球气象灾害评价

2000年,全球气候持续较常年偏暖。赤道中,东太平洋地区强拉尼娜事件在1月再次达到峰值后,迅速减弱,强拉尼娜事件对全球,特别是对热带地区产生了较大的影响,北半球许多地区冬季出现严寒天气,夏季又遭热浪袭击,严重的高温、干旱、森林大火困扰全球。而亚洲南部、西欧、南部非洲、南美北部的许多地区暴雨频繁。估计气象自然灾害造成全球经济损失达上千亿美元。数亿人口受灾。     

河北省旱涝灾害历史特征研究

通过分析河北省旱涝灾害的历史状况,得出黉灾呈逐年减轻、时灾呈逐年加重的认识,旱灾是河北省的一种主要自然灾害,探讨了该省旱涝灾害的时空分布规律,在时间上具有季节性、持续性和阶段性,在空间上具有地域性,对增强水患意识,防汛抗旱,今后的防灾抗灾提供了科学依据。     

Hot water flushing for immiscible displacement of a viscous NAPL

Thermal remediation techniques, such as hot water flooding, are emerging technologies that have been proposed for the removal of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from the subsurface. In this study a combined laboratory and modeling investigation was conducted to determine if hot water flooding techniques would improve NAPL mass removal compared to ambient temperature water flushing. Two experiments were conducted in a bench scale two-dimensional sandbox (55 cmx45 cmx1.3 cm) and NAPL saturations were quantified using a light transmission apparatus. In these immiscible displacement experiments the aqueous phase, at 22 degrees C and 50 degrees C, displaced a zone with initial NAPL saturations on the order of 85%. The interfacial tension and viscosity of the selected light NAPL, Voltesso 35, are strongly temperature-dependent. Experimental results suggest that hot water flooding reduced the size of the high NAPL saturation zone, in comparison to the cold water flood, and yielded greater NAPL mass recovery (75% NAPL removal vs. 64%). Hot water flooding did not, however, result in lower residual NAPL saturations. A numerical simulator was modified to include simultaneous flow of water and organic phases, energy transport, temperature and pressure. Model predictions of mass removal and NAPL saturation profiles compared well with observed behavior. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the utility of hot water flooding improves with the increasing temperature dependence of NAPL hydraulic properties.     

Relative Influence of Streamflows in Assessing Temporal Variability in Stream Habitat1

Abstract: The effects of streamflows on temporal variation in stream habitat were analyzed from the data collected 6‐11 years apart at 38 sites across the United States. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the variation in habitat caused by streamflow at the time of sampling and high flows between sampling. In addition to flow variables, the model also contained geomorphic and land use factors. The regression model was statistically significant (p < 0.05; R² = 0.31‐0.46) for 5 of 14 habitat variables: mean wetted stream depth, mean bankfull depth, mean wetted stream width, coefficient of variation of wetted stream width, and the percent frequency of bank erosion. High flows between samples accounted for about 16% of the total variation in the frequency of bank erosion. Streamflow at the time of sampling was the main source of variation in mean stream depth and contributed to the variation in mean stream width and the frequency of bank erosion. Urban land use (population change) accounted for over 20% of the total variation in mean bankfull depth, 15% of the total variation in the coefficient of variation of stream width, and about 10% of the variation in mean stream width.     

Aromatic Copolyester-based Nano-biocomposites: Elaboration, Structural Characterization and Properties

Biodegradable polymers are one of the most promising ways to replace non-degradable polymers. But, to be a real alternative to classical synthetic polymers and find applications, biopolymer (biodegradable polymer) properties have to be enhanced. Nano-biocomposites, which are obtained by incorporation of nanofillers into a biomatrix, are an interesting way to achieve these improvements. Modified and unmodified montmorillonites have been introduced into a biodegradable aromatic copolyester, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Structural characterization, thermal and mechanical tests have been carried out to understand better the relations between the nanofillers structuring and the final nano-biocomposite properties. Main results show that clay incorporation and the obtained intercalated structures improve PBAT properties (enhanced thermal stability, increased stiffness) and thus may increase the attractiveness of this biopolymer.     

高聚物的老化试验

自然大气暴露和人工加速老化都是评价高聚物老化特性的常用方法。介绍了各种老化方法的特点、应用和相关标准。