铁系混凝剂处理含聚合物油田污水的研究

本文探讨了含聚合物油田污水的组成、胶体结构,研究了铁系混凝剂处理该污水的条件和酸度对处理过程的影响。     

戈尔膜过滤器在采油废水处理中的应用

"聚合物驱"采油技术在提高原油采收率的同时也产生了大量的采油废水。传统处理工艺多采用核桃壳过滤,处理效果不理想。戈尔膜过滤器因其具有效率高、运行稳定、易于维修以及全自动化控制等优点,更适合现行处理工艺的改造需求,在采油废水处理中避免了一些生物与化学处理所引起的二次污染等问题,具有较高的推广价值。     

Evidence for Changing Flood Risk in New England Since the Late 20th Century1

Abstract: Long‐term flow records for watersheds with minimal human influence have shown trends in recent decades toward increasing streamflow at regional and national scales, especially for low flow quantiles like the annual minimum and annual median flows. Trends for high flow quantiles are less clear, despite recent research showing increased precipitation in the conterminous United States over the last century that has been brought about primarily by an increased frequency and intensity of events in the upper 10th percentile of the daily precipitation distribution – particularly in the Northeast. This study investigates trends in 28 long‐term annual flood series for New England watersheds with dominantly natural streamflow. The flood series are an average of 75 years in length and are continuous through 2006. Twenty‐five series show upward trends via the nonparametric Mann‐Kendall test, 40% (10) of which are statistically significant (p < 0.1). Moreover, an average standardized departures series for 23 of the study gages indicates that increasing flood magnitudes in New England occurred as a step change around 1970. The timing of this is broadly synchronous with a phase change in the low frequency variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, a prominent upper atmospheric circulation pattern that is known to effect climate variability along the United States east coast. Identifiable hydroclimatic shifts should be considered when the affected flow records are used for flood frequency analyses. Special treatment of the flood series can improve the analyses and provide better estimates of flood magnitudes and frequencies under the prevailing hydroclimatic condition.     

Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring1

Densmore, Roseann V. and Kenneth F. Karle, 2009. Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1424‐1433. Abstract: On a nationwide basis, few stream restoration projects have long‐term programs in place to monitor the effects of floods on channel and floodplain configuration and floodplain vegetation, but long‐term and event‐based monitoring is required to measure the effects of these stochastic events and to use the knowledge for adaptive management and the design of future projects. This paper describes a long‐term monitoring effort (15 years) on a stream restoration project in Glen Creek in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska. The stream channel and floodplain of Glen Creek had been severely degraded over a period of 80 years by placer mining for gold, which left many reaches with unstable and incised streambeds without functioning vegetated floodplains. The objectives of the original project, initiated in 1991, were to develop and test methods for the hydraulic design of channel and floodplain morphology and for floodplain stabilization and riparian habitat recovery, and to conduct research and monitoring to provide information for future projects in similar degraded watersheds. Monitoring methods included surveyed stream cross‐sections, vegetation plots, and aerial, ground, and satellite photos. In this paper we address the immediate and outlying effects of a 25‐year flood on the stream and floodplain geometry and riparian vegetation. The long‐term monitoring revealed that significant channel widening occurred following the flood, likely caused by excessive upstream sediment loading and the fairly slow development of floodplain vegetation in this climate. Our results illustrated design flaws, particularly in regard to identification and analysis of sediment sources and the dominant processes of channel adjustment.     

软水中EPS对铜管/硅酸盐体系溶解性铜释放影响

以海藻酸钠模拟水体中的EPS,研究了软水体系中海藻酸钠对铜管,硅酸盐体系缓蚀效果的影响.结果表明,当有低浓度海藻酸钠存在时,体系中的溶解性铜浓度显著增加,且老化1 a的铜管溶解性铜释放浓度明显高于老化3 a和10 a的铜管,释放溶解性铜浓度大小顺序为c1a>c3a>c10a;但随着海藻酸钠浓度的增加,老化1 a的铜管的溶解性铜释放浓度增加,而3 a和10 a铜管的溶解性铜释放浓度减小,表明水体中EPS的存在降低硅酸盐对铜管的缓蚀效果.在pH值7.5和海藻酸钠为16mg/L条件下,不同停留时间溶解性铜释放呈现逐渐增加-降低-逐渐增加的趋势,表明海藻酸钠、硅酸盐、铜离子和管壁进行了复杂的相互作用.在低pH值条件下,海藻酸钠对铜管溶解性铜释放影响更加显著,随着pH值增加和铜管老化时间延长,其溶解性铜释放浓度降低,表明海藻酸钠对溶解性铜释放影响降低.     

新型无机高分子絮凝剂含铁聚硅酸的研制及其性能

以水玻璃,无机酸和氯化铁为原料制备了含铁聚硅酸（ＦＰＳ）,对其制备过程中的基干问题因素进行了研究,结果表明,以活化时间１ｈ,Ｆｅ,Ｓｉ比为１时,所制备的ＦＰＳ具最佳混凝性能,同时对其混凝特性进行了初步研究,表明ＦＰＳ具有较宽的ｐＨ适用范围,并且形成絮体速度快,絮体结实粗大,与聚合铁进行了混凝对比表明,ＦＰＳ具有更优的混凝除浊性能。     

农田土壤微塑料分布、来源和行为特征

微塑料(MPs)作为一种新型污染物广泛存在于农田土壤中.针对农田土壤中微塑料可能发生的污染问题,对全球农田土壤中微塑料的分布、丰度、来源、形状、聚合物组成、尺寸和迁移等方面特征的研究进展进行了综述,提出了研究展望.全球各地所调查农田土壤均有微塑料检出,其来源主要包括农用塑料薄膜、有机肥、污泥、地表径流与农业灌溉、大气沉降和轮胎磨损颗粒.土壤中微塑料形状以碎片、纤维和薄膜为主,微塑料聚合物组成以聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS)为主.农田土地利用方式显著影响土壤中微塑料的丰度,农田土壤中微塑料丰度随颗粒变小而增加.土壤中微塑料可在耕作、淋溶、生物扰动和重力作用下发生迁移.今后应加强土壤微塑料检测方法、数据库建立、安全阈值、迁移转化规律、潜在生态健康风险评价和防控技术体系构建等方面的研究,为农田土壤微塑料污染的风险管控与治理提供参考.     

高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

膜生物反应器中贫营养条件下SMP的产出研究

文章为考察膜生物反应器微生物在贫营养条件下,溶解性微生物产物(SMP)的产出规律和特性,为优化MBR反应器的运行、延缓膜污染提供理论依据。对天津大学游泳馆MBR系统中的污泥混合液进行贫营养实验。研究表明贫营养条件下SMP产出可以分为两个阶段:EPS溶解产生SMP阶段和死亡细胞胞内物质溶出产生SMP阶段。伴随营养物质的匮乏,SMP中大分子物质所占比例显著增加,从第3天的20.2%(占TOC总量的比例),到第8天上升为39.2%,从而会加剧膜污染,并且不同阶段产生的SMP都可以刺激微生物提高对基质的降解速率,SMP浓度与污泥的比好氧速率呈正相关关系。