太原市夏季降水中溶解态重金属特征及来源

为了解太原市大气降水中溶解态重金属污染特征及来源,采用干湿沉降自动采样器采集了太原市2013~2015年夏季61场降水样品,使用ICP-MS测定了其中12种溶解态重金属,并对其浓度水平、湿沉降通量及来源进行分析.结果表明,太原市2013~2015年夏季降水p H值范围为4.34~7.95,降水量加权平均值为5.37.溶解态重金属平均浓度为236.931μg·L-1(范围66.324~1 029.212μg·L-1),主要元素是Zn和Fe,占总浓度的53.39%.12种溶解态重金属的湿沉降总通量为1.735mg·(m2·d)-1.降水中Ba、Cu、Sr、Zn、As、Cd和Pb的富集因子大于100,受到严重的人为源影响.PMF模型分析表明太原市夏季降水中重金属的主要来源为钢铁冶金、燃煤源、机动车源和地面扬尘,贡献率分别为38.34%、23.06%、20.45%和18.15%.气团的后向轨迹分析表明西南气团和东南气团对太原市夏季降水贡献最大,分别达到38%和35%,运城-临汾-晋中和晋城-长治-晋中的南部工业源污染应该引起重视.     

南阳市冬春交替期大气VOCs污染特征及来源解析

近年来我国中部地区臭氧污染问题日益凸显,而挥发性有机物(VOCs)作为近地面臭氧生成的关键前体物,有关其来源研究相较于我国东部地区相对欠缺.为了解我国中部地区VOCs污染特征及其来源,本研究于2017年2—3月在豫鄂陕三省交界处的河南省南阳市南阳理工学院站点开展了为期1个月的VOCs在线监测.测量结果显示,观测期间总VOCs平均浓度为(37.4±18.5)×10~(-9).与国内外已有研究的VOCs测量结果相比,本研究中烷烃、烯烃和炔烃的浓度处于中等偏上水平,而芳香烃浓度则较低.烯烃对臭氧潜势的贡献最高(37%),其次是芳香烃(28%).乙烯、二甲苯、甲苯、丙烯和C4~C5烷烃是最重要的活性组分.利用正交矩阵因子分析(PMF)解析出4个因子,分别是天然气/液化石油气使用+背景、交通排放、溶剂涂料使用和燃煤+生物质燃烧.观测期间南阳理工学院站点对VOCs浓度贡献最高的是燃煤+生物质燃烧因子,平均贡献率为35%,其次是交通排放因子(25%)、天然气/LPG使用+背景(23%)和溶剂涂料使用(17%).研究结果对于认识我国中部地区VOCs来源结构,进而开展VOCs和臭氧防治具有重要意义.     

现代家庭装修的现状与思考

通过对七十年代到至今家庭装修状况的全面总结以及设计状况的冷静思考,提出现代家庭环境装修的特点,弊端以及未来的发展趋势.寻求一条既立足于中国传统,又有时代创新,适合中国国情的时尚家居空间环境艺术设计之路。     

基于环境外部经济性的环境治理手段——以滇池白鱼河河口湿地地块的模拟案例为例

为了解决湿地建设投资渠道的问题,提出了利用环境外部经济性来改善和保护环境的发展思路。其重点是将湿地从普通概念上的公共产品转化为一段时限内的经营性项目,利用某种经营项目所产生的对环境的外部经济性来改善环境。为了验证上述思路的可行性,结合滇池湿地现状,利用湿地的自然景观价值,通过企业对这种生态景观环境的资源化利用过程,即湿地景观建设和管养,增强对污染水体的治理等角度进行了实际模拟实验。     

前期晴天时间对城市降雨径流污染水质的影响

识别影响城市降雨径流污染的主要因子是城市降雨径流污染治理和管理的前提和基础.为此,从2006年5月开始,选择镇江具有代表性的土地使用类型监测城市地表径流水质,分析前期晴天时间对城市地表降雨径污染物的影响.结果表明,随着前期晴天时间的增加,径流中粒径<40 μm的颗粒物粒径体积分数增加;径流中主要水质参数(TN、TP、Zn、Pb、Cu、TSS和COD)与前期晴天时间呈显著正相关,初期地表径流中溶解态污染物增加,说明前期晴天时间是影响城市径流污染浓度和形态的主要因子,从而为城市降雨径流污染的控制和治理提供科学依据.     

希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川区冰、雪、河水的化学特征

１９９７－０９～１９９７－１０间在希峰地区达索普冰川采集的４类水样（表层雪、冰塔冰、冰面河水和河水）的实测资料表明,本区各类水体ｐＨ值的大小顺序为：河水＞冰面河水＞冰塔冰＞表层雪．表层雪和冰面河水所测的阴离子中以ＮＯ－３为最大,而冰塔冰样品以Ｃｌ－最大;阳离子含量基本上以Ｃａ２＋为主．ＳＯ２－４、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、电导率和ｐＨ值都与所测的阴、阳离子总量有较好的相关关系,随所测的阴、阳离子总量升高而增大．表层雪的电导率、Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、所测的阴、阳离子总量和ＳＯ２－４与海拔高度都有较好的相关关系,随着海拔高度上升而上升．     

Thriving at work: Impact of psychological capital and supervisor support

Thriving at work is a positive psychological state characterized jointly by learning and vitality. Conventional wisdom and some initial research indicate that such thriving benefits both employees themselves and their organizations. This study specifically tests thriving at work by linking it to a theoretically important personal outcome variable (self‐development), refining its relationship with agentic work behaviors (task focus and heedful relating), and proposing and testing two new antecedent variables (psychological capital and supervisor support climate). Using structural equation modeling on a sample of 198 dyads (employees and their supervisors), strong support was found for the theory‐driven hypothesized relationships. The results contribute to a better understanding of positive organizational scholarship and behavior in general and specifically to the recently emerging positive construct of employees' thriving at work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Significant work events and counterproductive work behavior: The role of fairness,emotions, and emotion regulation

In this diary study, we investigated multi‐level predictors of daily counterproductive work behavior (CWB) relying on the theoretical frameworks of affective events theory and the emotion‐centered model of CWB. We assessed significant work events, event‐based fairness perceptions, negative emotional reactions to work events, and employee CWB over a 10‐day period. We tested within‐person relations predicting CWB, and cross‐level moderating effects of two emotion regulation strategies (suppression and reappraisal). Results from a multi‐level path analysis revealed that significant work events had both direct and indirect effects on negative emotional reactions. Further, negative emotional reactions in turn mediated the relationships between significant work events and all forms of daily CWB as well as the relationship between event‐based fairness perceptions and daily CWB‐O. Results also supported the moderating role of reappraisal emotion regulation strategy on relations between significant work events and negative emotional reactions. Less support, however, was found for the moderating influence of suppression on the link between negative emotional reactions and CWB. Among the broad work event categories we identified, our supplemental analyses revealed that negative work events involving interactions with supervisors elicited the highest levels of employee negative emotional reactions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing a passion for work passion: Future directions on an emerging construct

Although the passion that people demonstrate at work would appear to be a topic of considerable interest and importance to organizational scholars and practitioners, we know virtually nothing about it. In response, we introduce the work passion construct, discuss what we currently understand, and provide needed directions for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正压呼吸器防尘系统在岩巷综掘工作面的应用

针对矿井岩巷综掘工作面产尘量大,常规降尘措施不理想,一般呼吸面罩无法有效降低工作面作业人员对粉尘吸收的问题,研制了正压呼吸器防尘系统,并在岩巷综掘工作面底抽巷进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:使用正压呼吸器防尘系统除尘效率达到了70.82%,不使用时除尘效率仅为42.01%,不仅有效降低了工作面的粉尘浓度,改善职工作业环境,而且保证了工作面作业人员对新鲜空气的需求,减少了粉尘对职工身体的危害。