河南省甘薯产业化发展的SWOT分析

以甘薯产业化发展现状为切入点,采用SWOT分析方法谋求甘薯产业化合理发展的对策.在此基础上,构建了河南省产业化发展的SWOT矩阵,以期为河南省甘薯产业化发展提供理论依据.     

Solid State Reactions of Potato Starch with Urea and Biuret

Reaction of granular potato starch with urea and biuret resulted in the formation of products, which were soluble neither in cold nor boiling water. The net reaction was a monosubstitution of the hydrogen atom in one hydroxyl group in each D-glucose unit of starch with the either CO–NH₂ or CO–NH–CO–NH₂ moiety, respectively. Properties of the products, particularly these with urea, depended on the mode of reaction. Reactions were carried out in the microwave oven as well as with convection heating. The products retained the granular form of starch but a vast majority of granules were damaged. -Amylolysis of those materials revealed that their susceptibility to the enzyme increasing in the order: starch-amylolysis with simultaneous insolubility in water make these products suitable as ruminant fodder and, eventually, biodegradable material.     

瞬时表达比较马铃薯X病毒CP基因3种结构对RNA沉默的诱导效果

RNA沉默是植物抵御病毒侵染的一种防卫机制,病原来源的抗性(pathogen-derived resistance,PDR)被认为是通过RNA沉默起作用的.转化的核酸片段在基因组中的位置、长短和不同排列结构等均影响RNA沉默的效率.用全长马铃薯X病毒(PVX)CP基因构建非翻译的正义、反义和反向重复结构转基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌渗入法瞬时表达测试了这些转基因对RNA介导抗性的诱导效率和有效性.结果表明,反向重复的PVXCP是更为有效的RNA沉默诱导因子,同时也证明让目的基因在受试植物中瞬时表达,在转化植物之前能比较快速地检测转基因的表达情况以及表达产物的功能,从而节约时间和资源,并减少盲目性.图3表2参21     

点火延迟时间对甘薯粉尘爆炸的影响研究

为了预防甘薯粉尘爆炸事故的发生,本文研究点火延迟时间对甘薯粉尘爆炸的影响规律,利用20 L球形爆炸仪研究甘薯粉尘的爆炸特性及其在200 g/m3,500 g/m3和800 g/m3质量浓度下通过改变点火延迟时间的爆炸规律。结果表明:粉尘的最佳点火延迟时间与浓度有关,在该点火时间下所测得的最大爆炸压力均高于在固定点火延迟时间下的测量值,60 ms的固定点火延迟时间不适用于甘薯粉尘爆炸测试。     

锡矿尾矿库土壤-食用马铃薯和豌豆中重金属污染状况

通过对云南个旧锡矿尾矿库土壤和作物中重金属含量分布特征的初步研究,结果表明尾矿库内作物的根际土壤中Pb、As和Cu含量严重超过国家土壤二级标准(GB15168-1995),污染指数分别为41-49、158-173和22-29,均属重度污染.生长在尾矿库内的作物也受到重金属的不同程度污染,马铃薯(Solanaceae Solanum Tuberosum)和豌豆(Pisum Sativum Linn)的食用部分Pb、As和Cu的含量与国家食品卫生标准上限值相比.高达152和38.5倍、17.4和1.2倍、2和0.95倍.尽管土壤中Sn含量很高,但作物中Sn含量正常,表明Sn未通过土壤-作物系统而进入矿区食物链中.因此应根据尾矿库中土壤的重金属地球化学分布特征.对其进行针对性地修复,避免在尾矿库内种植作物以减少矿区重金属污染在食物链中的扩散.     

Effect of preozonation on improvement of settleability of solid in highly concentrated organic wastewater of Japanese wheat and sweet potato spirit-distillery

Solid-liquid separation of the wastewater is very difficult because of high viscosity and high SS concentration. In this study, the effectiveness of preozonation on improving the settleability of the solids in wheat and sweet potato wastewaters was investigated using a bench-scale system and pilot treatment system respectively. Results showed that solid-liquid separation in the wheat wastewater was greatly improved by the decanter in the system(SS reduction from 24100 mg/L to 100 mg/L). However, preozonation practice did not show a significant effect on solid-liquid separation of the sweet potato wastewater. Effect of preozonation on solid-liquid separation between wheat and sweet potato wastewater showed different.     

红薯渣和城市污泥混合发酵产酸强化污水脱氮除磷

投加红薯渣促进城市污泥厌氧发酵产酸量,并将所得有机酸应用到污水处理外加碳源,强化污水脱氮除磷效果。实验结果表明,红薯渣和城市污泥混合发酵产酸比单一污泥发酵效果更好,有机酸产量可提高3倍左右,且做补充碳源时品质好,发酵液中COD∶TN∶TP约为160∶1∶1.6。将混合发酵所得有机酸应用到污水脱氮除磷外加碳源,结果表明,混合发酵所得有机酸优于污泥热碱预处理碳源和乙酸钠,污水处理出水中平均COD、TN和TP分别为(32.1±1.45)、(4.8±0.52)和(0.7±0.18)mg/L,TN和TP去除率分别达到(87.2±1.20)%和(90.0±0.18)%。因此,红薯渣的投加,可以大大提高城市污泥发酵产酸效果,优化发酵液碳源的品质。     

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a tool for monitoring the fate of fluazinam in soil

Fluazinam is a widely used pesticide employed against the fungal disease late blight in potato cultivation. A specific, repeatable, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method utilizing a diode array detector (DAD) was developed to determine the presence of fluazinam in soil. The method consists of acetonitrile (ACN) extraction, clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and separation using a mobile phase consisting of 70% ACN and 30% water (v/v), including 0.02% acetic acid. HPLC was performed with a C18 column and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The method was successfully applied to an incubation experiment and to soil samples taken from potato fields where fluazinam had been applied two to three times during the on-going growing season. In the 90-day incubation experiment, analytical standard fluazinam and the commercial fungicide Shirlan^® were added to soil samples that had never been treated with fluazinam, and were then extracted with ACN and 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Fluazinam was not extractable with CaCl₂, indicating that it does not leach to watercourses in the dissolved form. Recovery with ACN extraction for sandy soils was 72–95% immediately after application and 53–73% after 90 days of incubation. Out of the eight potato field soil samples, fluazinam was found in two samples at concentrations of 2.1 mg kg^?1 and 1.9 mg kg^?1, well above the limit of quantification (0.1 mg kg^?1).     

Development of controlled release formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid and their bioefficacy evaluation against aphid,Aphis gossypii and leafhopper,Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on potato crop

Controlled release (CR) formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid were prepared employing polyvinyl chloride and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their bioefficacy was evaluated against the aphid, Aphis gossypii and leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on potato crop. The CR formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid provided better or equal control of the pests than commercial formulations. CMC-based formulation provided a superior control of both the pests. The Imida-CMC, which showed the lowest population of leaf hopper (10.50 leafhopper/100 cl), provided significantly superior control among all treatments after 35 days after germination (DAG). The residue of carbofuran and imidacloprid in potato tuber and soils were not detectable at the time of harvesting in any one of the formulations.     

废弃马铃薯渣改性制备瓦楞纸板粘合剂研究

研究了胶体磨湿法超微粉碎及高压蒸气处理对废弃污染物——马铃薯渣粒径分布及颗粒破坏程度的影响,调节胶体磨齿间隙为12μm处理30 min,并结合高压蒸气121℃处理20 min的条件下,通过显微镜观察和激光粒度分析证明马铃薯渣颗粒粒径明显减小且分布更加均匀,细胞壁和纤维素被破坏,体现出胶粘剂的性质。进而通过氧化变性处理改善其流动性,并添加一系列的助剂,制得了一种瓦楞纸板用粘合剂,其主要性能均接近于目前广泛使用的淀粉基瓦楞纸板粘合剂。