Optimising the environmental benefits of emission reductions from UK coal- and oil-fired power stations: a critical loads approach

This paper describes a method for determining reductions of SO₂ emissions from coal- and oil-fired power stations, oil refineries and large industrial units in the UK taking into account their pollution potential. The method is based on the use of two gridded data sets: critical loads, which represent the sensitivity of the environment to acid deposition and modelled estimates of total (wet + dry) sulphur deposition for 646 point sources within the UK. An iterative method is used to identify and subsequently reduce emissions from point sources that contribute most to areas of critical loads exceedance. This paper demonstrates how the method may be used to determine an optimal allocation of emissions across the UK which yields the maximum amount of environmental protection per unit of emission.The paper then goes on to consider the changes that will have to take place within the UK power generation industry in order to meet the revised EC Large Combustion Plant Directive which comes into force on 1 January 2008. Particular emphasis is placed upon proposed emissions trading schemes and the environmental implications of allowing trading between stations with high and low pollution potentials. The paper concludes by suggesting that the emissions trading process should take into account the pollution potential of each source, irrespective of whether the proposed emission is within the plant's agreed emission limit. An approach based entirely on minimizing environmental damage rather than one which takes cost into account, as in current integrated assessment modelling, could provide an interesting approach across the rest of Europe.     

神府东胜矿区生态环境问题及对策

在调查研究分析的基础上，从分析矿区生态环境影响的特点入手，针对矿区开发建设中存在的主要生态问题，提出了保护生态环境的对策和措施，对于矿区的生态环境保护和可持续发展具有一定的参考价值。     

广州地铁工程项目环境影响评价若干问题探讨

以广州地铁六号线环境影响评价为例，结合国内外开展地铁工程项目环境影响评价的经验，对地铁项目环境影响评价的指导思想、评价重点、工程污染再分析及环境影响预测与评价等若干问题进行了探讨，以期为国内地铁工程环境影响评价工作的开展提供一些参考。     

环境影响的经济评价方法与应用

简述了环境影响经济评价的程序。概述了环境影响货币化的3大类,共10种常用方法。运用人力资本法估算广州市大气污染引起的健康损害,损失达169 14亿元。     

云南水电生态化的生态补偿

论述了云南省人民政府在金沙江溪洛渡水电站和向家坝水电站建立生态补偿机制的必要性,探讨了补偿数额、补偿方式和融资渠道等,并针对出现的问题提出了对策和建议.     

论滇东北山区生态环境恢复与重建

分析了滇东北山区生态环境现状,提出了生态环境恢复与重建意见。     

小城镇的生态环境保护

在城镇化不断发展的进程中，小城镇的生态环境日益恶化。分析了小城镇生态环境存在的问题，提出了应采取的生态环境保护规划与对策。     

环境风险评价中若干问题探讨

社会经济的高速发展,也诱发了新的环境风险可能性的发生,特别是近年来的多种环境风险灾害事故的发生已引起了各国和国际组织的普遍关注。环境风险评价与环境风险管理已成为保护生态环境、维护公众健康的重要内容和制定决策的重要依据。文章结合目前环境风险评价的发展,探讨有关两大类环境风险评价(突发性与非突发性)以及环境风险评价与安全评价的区别,环境风险评价评估标准以及环境风险评价与城市环境管理的一些问题。     

浅析生态系统平衡及其意义

文章简要论述了生态系统的组成、影响生态系统平衡的自然因素和人为因素.生态系统平衡与失衡在自然环境中作用及其意义.生态系统是由各类生物共同组成的生物群落(bioflora)或生物系统(living things'system)与环境系统构成的具有一定结构和功能的一个不断更新和变化的开放系统.但是,生态系统这种维护自身相对平衡的能力是有条件、有一定限度的,或者说,对平衡的干扰不能超过系统本身的遭受极限,否则就会使破坏后的生态系统难于恢复到原来的平衡状态.     

铜铁矿井下采掘工程的环境影响及生态保护

对铜铁矿井下采掘工程产生的环境影响进行了分析，外排井下涌水下的铜可对鱼类养殖业水体的地表水质带来不利影响，采用帷幕注浆堵水工艺可防止大面积地表塌陷的发生，对难以避免的局部，小规模塌陷提出了生态安全的预警措施。