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521.
Multicriteria decision support systems are applied in natural resource management in order to clarify the planning process for the stakeholders, to make all available information usable and all objectives manageable. Especially when the public is involved in planning, the decision support system should be easy to comprehend, transparent and fair. Social choice theory has recently been applied to group decision-making in natural resources management to accomplish these objectives. Although voting forms the basis of democracy, and is usually taken as a fair method, the influence of voters over the outcome may vary. It is also possible to vote strategically to improve the results from each stakeholder's point of view. This study examines the use of social choice theory in revealing stakeholders' preferences in participatory forest planning, and the influence of different voters on the outcome. The positional voting rules examined were approval voting and Borda count, but both rules were slightly modified for the purposes of this study. The third rule examined, cumulative rule, resembles utilitarian voting rules. The voting rules were tested in a real participatory forest planning situation in eastern Lapland, Finland. All voting rules resulted in a different joint order of importance of the criteria. Yet, the preference orders produced had also a lot in common and the criteria could be divided into three quite distinct groups according to their importance. The influence of individual voters varied between the voting rules, and in each case different voter was the most influential. 相似文献
522.
523.
Wastewater management in small and medium-sized enterprises representing the chemical and food industries was investigated.
The results showed that wastewater discharged from an ink-production factory was highly contaminated with organic pollutants.
Anaerobic biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride aided with lime proved to be very effective
and produced an effluent that complied with national regulatory standard for wastewater discharge into public sewage network.
Also, management of wastewater from a confectionery factory representing the food sector was carried out. Aerobic biological
treatment using plastic-packed trickling filter proved to be an effective treatment method. However, application of in-plant
control measures alleviated the requirement for the construction of a wastewater treatment plant. The applied pollution prevention
and cleaner production measures involved good housekeeping, recovery of spent chocolate, modification of floor cleaning and
installation of suction devices for the removal of sugar and starch powders. All improvement measures were documented by cost/benefit
analysis. 相似文献
524.
Birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health,
and affecting the day to day site operation. A number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research
into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. We use a modeling approach in order to assess
the effectiveness of nine techniques — pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a
combination of blank and lethal use of ammunition, the use of falcons, the use of hawks, wailers and helium-filled bird-scaring
kites — at deterring three commonly recorded species — the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) — from six landfill sites across the United Kingdom. The use of distress calls, falconry, and combinations of lethal and
nonlethal use of ammunition were the most effective techniques for initially deterring birds from these sites. However, when
habituation is considered, there is a clear difference between techniques such as falconry, which have a lethal aspect and
may act to reinforce the deterrence, and the use of techniques such as distress calls, which do not. However there are problems
related to legislation and public perception when lethal techniques are used. 相似文献
525.
燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用模糊数学原理和层次分析法,从经济、技术和环境三方面综合评价烟气脱硫技术,使烟气脱硫技术的选择更科学。以五种典型烟气脱硫技术为评价对象,应用该综合评价方法得出石灰石-石膏法较优的结论。 相似文献
526.
Mhairi Aitken Seonaidh McDonald Peter Strachan 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2008,51(6):777-799
There have been conflicting accounts of the role and influence of local opposition within planning application outcomes for wind power developments. There is an expanding literature that considers public responses to proposed renewable energy developments and much of this suggests that public opposition is a key factor in the slow growth in renewable energy capacity. However, this paper will show that local opposition groups' power over such planning processes is very limited, and in fact extends only so far as delaying an outcome. Through a thematic content analysis of objection letters to one particular proposed wind power development, the key issues raised in connection with the development will be highlighted. Subsequently, these issues will be compared with those discussed in the official report of the planning appeals process, and it will be shown that the concerns of local objectors had little influence over the eventual verdict. 相似文献
527.
528.
河北省钢铁工业主要大气污染物减排潜力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对河北省钢铁工业存在问题的分析,得出我省钢铁行业主要大气污染物为二氧化硫和粉尘.结合我省钢铁企业的实际情况,从工程技术、政策管理等方面提出相应治理措施,并对"十一五"期间我省钢铁行业二氧化硫和粉尘减排效益进行预测.预测结果显示:采用所建议的减排措施后,我省钢铁工业二氧化硫减排量对全省"十一五"减排计划的贡献率为81.4%;粉尘可减排60%. 相似文献
529.
畜禽粪便中大量有机污染物污染着人们赖以生存的土壤和水体,粪尿分解产生的大量有害气体污染了大气。本文结合日照市畜牧业生产的实际,对日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染现状进行了分析,找出了日照市畜牧业生产对环境污染产生的主要原因和存在问题,提出畜牧业生产对环境污染的防治对策。 相似文献
530.
Wayne Turnberg Author Vitae William Daniell Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2008,39(6):563-568