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11.
Caffrey JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):207-219
Primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) are useful indicators of ecosystem level trophic conditions within estuaries. In this study, dissolved oxygen data collected every half hour between January 1996 to December 1998 by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Wide Monitoring Program were used to calculate primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. Data from two sites at each of 14 Reserves were analyzed. On average, three quarters of the data available could be used to calculate metabolic rates. Data from two of the Reserves were used to evaluate the assumption of homogeneity of water masses moving past the oxygen sensor. Temperature was the single most important factor controlling metabolic rates at individual sites, although salinity was also important at about half the sites. On an annual basis, respiration exceeded gross primary production demonstrating that all but 4 of the 28 sites were heterotrophic. 相似文献
12.
The Variability of Estimates of Variance, and Its Effect on Power Analysis in Monitoring Design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Power analysis can be a valuable aid in the design of monitoringprograms. It requires an estimate of variance, which may come from a pilot study or an existing study in a similar habitat. For marine benthic infauna, natural variation in abundances canbe considerable, raising the question of reliability of varianceestimates. We used two existing monitoring programs to generatemultiple estimates of variance. These estimates were found to differ from nominated best estimates by 50% or more in 43% of cases, in turn leading to under or over-estimation of samplesize in the design of a notional monitoring program. The twostudies, from the same general area, using the same samplingmethods and spanning a similar time scale, gave estimatesvarying by more than an order of magnitude for 25% of taxa.We suggest that pilot studies for ecological monitoring programsof marine infauna should include at least two sampling times. 相似文献
13.
Andrew D. Kennedy 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,48(2):173-192
Identifying process from pattern is one of the most vexing tasks inenvironmental monitoring. Given information on the distribution of speciesin a pre-defined area, together with comprehensive data on how environmentalconditions in that area have altered through time, is it possible toidentify the factors controlling the species‘ layout? Here, the practicalsignificance of this quandary is demonstrated using a series ofenvironmentally-degraded coastal lagoons in New South Wales. The TuggerahLakes (33°17′S,151°30′E) have over the last 50 yearsexperienced significant changes in species‘ distributions. Seagrasses,macroalgae, phytoplankton, molluscs, prawns and the jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus have altered in spatial pattern. Two human activitieshave been blamed for these perturbations: (1) agricultural clearance ofnative vegetation from the catchment, with associated input of top-soil andnutrients; (2) the commissioning of a coal-fired power station in 1967, withmassive uptake and recirculation of lake water for cooling purposes. In thispaper, spatial changes in macrophyte distributions over the last 50 yearsare reviewed in an attempt to identify the true source(s) of perturbation.The model adopted assumes that the power station is a point source of impactwhile nutrient inputs from the catchment are a diffuse source of impact;changes in species distributions can hypothetically be related back to thesesources according to whether they are localised or widespread. However,after a comprehensive analysis of available macrophyte data derived frominterviews, aerial photography and line transect methodologyies theconclusion is reached that changes in biogeographical pattern around theTuggerah Lakes cannot be attributed to specific anthropogenic pressures atanything beyond the coarsest of levels. This is considered to be the normfor most coastal management situations where natural background variation(’noise‘) and the complexity of linkages between physical, chemical andbiological components confounds the identification of causal relationships.The practical implications of this conclusion are discussed in the contextof litigation and remedial management design. Emphasis is placed on theneed to adopt an adaptive approach to estuarine management, incorporatingexplicit recognition of the limitations of available data, and to developnew techniques for identifying cause-effect relationships. 相似文献
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通过对姑山矿生产现状的调查研究,确定审计重点为选矿车间,分析了选矿车间存在的问题,提出了清洁生产方案,对方案实施后的经济效益作了分析。 相似文献
16.
生命周期评价在企业清洁生产中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
企业清洁生产是解决环境污染问题的重要手段。利用生命周期评价思想对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价,做好企业清洁生产的审计工作。 相似文献
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针对来福灵生产及排污现状,提出清洁生产方案,实施效果显著,COD产生总量削减53.7%,废气、废渣实现零排放,原材料消耗大幅度下降,年增收229.84万元。 相似文献
19.
赵慧君 《石油化工环境保护》1998,(4):57-60
提高环保意识,加强环保管理,推行清洁生产,开好污水治理设施,重视环保科研,经济效益与环境效益并重,为保护资源做贡献。 相似文献
20.
硫酸法钛白生产水洗工序清洁生产技术初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过开展水洗工段用水审计并试验了温度、偏钛酸ξ电位和漂白工艺对水洗的影响效果,从实践和理论上探讨了为其提高钛白质量改进水洗工艺的清洁生产方案的可行性和合理性。 相似文献