清洁生产是防治化学工业污染的有效途径

叙述了少废无废的清洁生产的概念和内容，以及它在化学工业中的实施途径，指出工业污染控制必须从末端治理为主，转移到污染预防为重点的战略上来。无废少废的清洁生产是防治化学工业污染的有效途径，是谋求合理利用资源和保护环境的根本措施。     

过滤-混凝气浮工艺在特种有色纸废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用过滤 混凝气浮工艺治理特种有色纸废水的工程实例。主要污染物SS去除率达 84%～ 93 5% ;CODCr、BOD5 去除率均大于 88% ;色度得到相应削减 ,废水回用率达到 80 %。     

油田企业安全生产管理现状及对策研究

中国石化高度重视安全生产管理工作,始终把安全生产放在首要位置,但基层调研发现,油田企业安全生产管理依然存在薄弱环节。分析了油田企业安全生产现状,通过深化安全生产体系建设,推进双重预防机制,加大培训和重点工作安全生产监管,着力提升油田企业安全生产基础管理,建立油田企业安全生产管理长效机制,确保油田企业安全生产总体稳定。     

2015年海南省火电行业大气环境影响研究

基于火电企业在线监测数据、环境统计数据、排污许可及火电排放清单等，分析各统计口径下的海南火电大气污染物排放量差异，并基于在线监测数据分析海南省火电排放时间变化规律.分别设置现状、排污许可及超低排放3种情景，采用CALPUFF模型分析3种情景下火电厂对海南大气环境的影响.结果显示，不同统计口径下火电厂各污染物排放量差异较大，最大差值可达到5.65倍；在时间维度上，海南省火电行业污染物排放量月际分布较平稳，每月污染物排放量约占全年的7%~10%，24h变化呈现明显“两峰两谷”特征.在大气环境影响方面，火电企业大气SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度分布总体呈现西部高东部低的趋势.现状情景下火电企业对各城市年均浓度影响范围为SO₂ 0.001~0.015μg/m³、NO_x 0~0.01μg/m³、PM₁₀ 0.001~0.006μg/m³、PM_2.5 0~0.003μg/m³，最高浓度基本出现在东方市、临高县.火电厂对大气环境的影响程度为许可情景>现状情景>超低情景，执行排污许可时火电厂排放PM₁₀和NO_x对各城市均值年均浓度较现状情景分别增加50%和38%；全面实施超低排放后，火电厂对大气环境影响有明显改善，SO₂和PM_2.5对各城市均值年均浓度较现状情景分别降低57%和69%.     

我国城市垃圾综合治理现状及其发展方向

本文在分析我国城市垃圾治理现状的同时，从清洁生产、资源化角度探讨其发展前景，阐述了垃圾综合整治的若干对策。     

核电厂址事故大气弥散因子计算的实验与理论研究

在目前常用的计算核电厂事故概率大气扩散因子的模式基础上提出了考虑内边界层影响的计算模式，根据某待建滨海核电厂址大气弥散实验的实测参数，分别采用本模式和常用模式估算了厂址边界０．５ｋｍ外的最终评价用事故概率扩散因子和各途径的剂量及有效剂量。计算结果表明，无论是事故概率扩散因子还是个人有效剂量，本模式给出的值都是常用模式的５．９倍。因此，在不能忽略内边界层出现频率的滨海厂址，必须考虑内边界层对事故扩散     

南黄海鳀鱼产卵场大型底栖生物次级生产力研究

根据2001至2003年南黄海鳀鱼产卵期在鳀鱼产卵场33个站考察采集的大型底栖生物定量样品资料,利用Brey's(1990)的经验公式对调查海区进行了大型底栖生物栖息密度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.结果表明,该海域大型底栖生物平均栖息密度为194.3 ind.m-2,平均生物量以去灰干重计,为4.08 g m-2,平均次级生产力以去灰干重计,为4.09 g m-2a-1.研究表明,生物量和次级生产力受水深的影响.平均P/B值在研究海域为1.32a-1.对研究结果与整个南黄海、渤海和东海的结果进行了比较与讨论,证明生产力随水深的加大而降低,P/B值随水温升高而升高.图2表1参25     

Is big the best? Queen size,usurpation and nest closure in a primitively eusocial sweat bee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lasioglossum malachurum</Emphasis>)

For primitively eusocial insects in which a single foundress establishes a nest at the start of the colony cycle, the solitary provisioning phase before first worker emergence represents a risky period when other, nestless foundresses may attempt to usurp the nest. In the primitively eusocial sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), spring foundresses compete for nests which are dug into hard soil. Nest-searching foundresses (‘floaters’) frequently inspected nests during this solitary phase and thereby exerted a usurpation pressure on resident queens. Usurpation has been hypothesised to increase across the solitary provisioning phase and favour closure of nests at an aggregation, marking the termination of the solitary provisioning phase by foundresses, before worker emergence. However, our experimental and observational data suggest that usurpation pressure may remain constant or even decrease across the solitary provisioning phase and therefore cannot explain nest closure before first worker emergence. Levels of aggression during encounters between residents and floaters were surprisingly low (9% of encounters across 2 years), and the outcome of confrontations was in favour of residents (resident maintains residency in 94% of encounters across 2 years). Residents were significantly larger than floaters. However, the relationship between queen size and offspring production, though positive, was not statistically significant. Size therefore seems to confer a considerable advantage to a queen during the solitary provisioning phase in terms of nest residency, but its importance in terms of worker production appears marginal. Factors other than intraspecific usurpation need to be invoked to explain the break in provisioning activity of a foundress before first worker emergence.     

Seasonal variations of organic-carbon and nutrient transport through a tropical estuary (Tsengwen) in southwestern Taiwan

This paper reports the fluvial fluxes and estuarine transport of organic carbon and nutrients from a tropical river (Tsengwen River), southwestern Taiwan. Riverine fluxes of organic carbon and nutrients were highly variable temporally, due primarily to temporal variations in river discharge and suspended load. The sediment yield of the drainage basin during the study period (1995–1996, 616 tonne km^–2 year^–1) was ca. 15 times lower than that of the long-term (1960–1998) average (9379 tonne km² year^–1), resulting mainly from the damming effect and historically low record of river water discharge (5.02 m³ s^–1) in 1995. The flushing time of river water in the estuary varied from 5 months in the dry season to >4.5 days in the wet season and about 1 day in the flood period. Consequently, distributions of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were of highly seasonal variability in the estuary. Nutrients and POC behaved nonconservatively but DOC behaved conservatively in the estuary. DOC fluxes were generally greater than POC fluxes with the exception that POC fluxes considerably exceeded DOC fluxes during the flood period. Degradation of DOC and POC within the span of flushing time was insignificant and may contribute little amount of CO₂ to the estuary during the wet season and flood period. Net estuarine fluxes of nutrients were determined by riverine fluxes and estuarine removals (or additions) of nutrients. The magnitude of estuarine removal or addition for a nutrient was also seasonally variable, and these processes must be considered for net flux estimates from the river to the sea. As a result, nonconservative fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) from the estuary are –0.002, –0.09 and –0.59 mmol m^–2 day^–1, respectively, for dry season, wet season and flood period, indicating internal sinks of DIP during all seasons. Due to high turbidity and short flushing time of estuarine water, DIP in the flood period may be derived largely from geochemical processes rather than biological removal, and this DIP should not be included in an annual estimate of carbon budget. The internal sink of phosphorus corresponds to a net organic carbon production (photosynthesis–respiration, p–r) during dry (0.21 mmol m^–2 day^–1) and wet (9.5 mmol m^–2 day^–1) seasons. The magnitude of net production (p–r) is 1.5 mol m^–2 year^–1, indicating that the estuary is autotrophic in 1995. However, there is a net nitrogen loss (nitrogen fixation–denitrification < 0) in 1995, but the magnitude is small (–0.17 mol m^–2 year^–1).     

农业生产活动对鄱阳湖区生态环境的影响

鄱阳湖区是江西省重要商品粮基地，但其生态环境也有较为脆弱的一面。某些违反生态规律的农业生产活动导致该区生态环境的恶化。本文从围湖造田、湖区传统耕作制度、乡镇企业发展及农民环境意识淡薄等方面分析了它们对湖区生态环境的影响，并提出几点治理意见。