农村混合生活污水排放特征及其处理工艺研究

针对农村生活污水污染问题已成为影响我国农村水环境的主要因素以及目前黑灰分离收集处理与现状不相符合,本文对崇明县某村的污水排放特征以及水量水质进行调研,并对硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化以及脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理两种运行模式进行了深入探讨并分析了其去除机理,结果显示,硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化由于后续反硝化需要投加大量碳源从经济管理方面而言变得不可行;脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理在预处理系统以进水3h、曝气2h、沉淀0.5h、排水0.5h、气水比40∶1的模式运行、人工湿地水力停留时间为48h条件下出水可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的二级要求,且因氨氮指标的降低大幅缩短了人工湿地的水力停留时间而减小占地面积。     

电解-生物滤床反应器反硝化作用初探

采用电解-生物滤床工艺对微污染源水进行反硝化脱氮预处理,试验结果表明:电解-生物滤床工艺相对于相同生物量的单纯生物滤床而言,具有更高的反硝化效率,能很好地控制水中亚硝酸盐氮的生成。     

垃圾渗滤液预处理实验研究

在总结以往研究成果的基础上,选用絮凝沉淀和沙滤方法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,实验得出了各自最佳的处理条件,并提出了一个成本低效果好的处理方案。     

臭氧氧化-活性污泥法处理含PVA工业废水的试验研究

含聚乙烯醇(PVA)工业废水可生化性较差,处理难度大,为了寻找经济合理、切实可行的处理技术,研究了臭氧氧化-活性污泥法对不同浓度含PVA实际工业废水的处理效果,并与传统活性污泥法进行了比较.结果表明,臭氧氧化-活性污泥法对COD<500 mg·L-1,PVA在10～30 mg·L-1范围的PVA废水处理效果与传统活性污泥法相比,相差不大,臭氧预处理效果不明显;对于COD在500～800 mg·L-1,PVA为15～60 mg·L-1的PVA废水处理效果明显,COD和PVA的平均去除率分别为92.8%和57.4%,比传统活性污泥法提高了4.1%和15.2%,出水COD在30～60 mg·L-1之间;对于COD为1 000～1 200mg·L-1,PVA在20～70 mg·L-1范围的PVA废水,臭氧氧化-活性污泥法处理效果显著,COD和PVA的平均去除率分别为90.9%和45.3%,比传统活性污泥法对COD和PVA的去除率分别提高了12.8%和12.1%,但是出水需要进一步处理才能达标排放.与传统活性污泥法相比,臭氧氧化-活性污泥法处理效率高,运行稳定,能有效地处理含PVA的工业废水.     

Enhanced removal of organic matter and typical disinfection byproduct precursors in combined iron–carbon micro electrolysis-UBAF process for drinking water pre-treatment

The organic matter and two types of disinfection byproduct(DBP) precursors in micropolluted source water were removed using an iron–carbon micro-electrolysis(ICME)combined with up-flow biological aerated filter(UBAF) process. Two pilot-scale experiments(ICME-UBAF and UBAF alone) were used to investigate the effect of the ICME system on the removal of organic matter and DBP precursors. The results showed that ICME pretreatment removed 15.6% of dissolved organic matter(DOM)and significantly improved the removal rate in the subsequent UBAF process. The ICME system removed 31% of trichloromethane(TCM) precursors and 20% of dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN) precursors. The results of measurements of the molecular weight distribution and hydrophilic fractions of DOM and DBP precursors showed that ICME pretreatment played a key role in breaking large-molecular-weight organic matter into low-molecular-weight components, and the hydrophobic fraction into hydrophilic compounds, which was favorable for subsequent biodegradation by UBAF.Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3D-EEM) further indicated that the ICME system improved the removal of TCM and DCAN precursors. The biomass analysis indicated the presence of a larger and more diverse microbial community in the ICME-UBAF system than for the UBAF alone. The high-throughput sequencing results revealed that domination of the genera Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas and Sphingorhabdus contributed to the better removal of organic matter and two types of DBP precursors. Also, Nitrosomonas and Pseudomonas were beneficial for ammonia removal.     

Nitrite pre-treatment of dewatered sludge for microbial fuel cell application

The effect of pre-treatment of dewatered sludge using different nitrite concentrations and pH for microbial fuel cell (MFC) application was investigated. The results show that the addition of nitrite was feasible to increase the solubilization rate of the sludge and may reduce mass transfer limitation at the anode. This helped the MFC to reach higher voltage and to generate more power. The higher free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration under the acidic condition helped to increase sludge solubilization. However, under an alkaline condition, during which the FNA concentration was relatively low, the solubilization of the sludge was higher. The highest voltage and power density produced was 390?mV and 153?mW/m², respectively, with the addition of nitrite at 100?mg-N/L and pH?9. Furthermore, it was found that elevated levels of FNA could inhibit electrogenic bacteria thus reducing power generation.     

高锰酸钾复合药剂对煤矿生活污水深度处理的强化混凝效应

在煤矿生活污水深度处理的混凝处理前,投加高锰酸钾复合药剂（PPC）预处理,研究了PPC的对混凝处理的强化效应。实验结果表明：PPC预处理对煤矿生活污水深度处理的混凝处理具有很好的强化效应,能显著提高聚合氯化铝（PAC）的对CODMn和浊度的去除率;当PPC的投加量为4 mg/L时,CODMn和浊度的去除率分别提高21%和40%。     

滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。     

铁炭曝气微电解对炸药废水的试验研究

采用铁炭曝气微电解对炸药废水进行预处理,处理结果表明:当炸药废水调节pH值为2,反应时间2h,物质A投加量2g/L,铁屑与活性炭体积比为1∶1时,进水TOC为2600mg/L,COD为2500mg/L,NH3-N为190mg/L,出水TOC为250mg/L,COD为400mg/L,NH3-N为20mg/L,去除率分别为90.5%、82%和89.6%,BOD5/COD由0.16提高到0.38。     

焦化废水处理新工艺

焦化废水因含有难降解和对生物有抑制性的物质而较难处理。在不加稀释水的条件下,采用物化预处理/生化/膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺对宣化钢铁公司的焦化废水处理进行中试研究。并同焦化厂现有工艺进行了比较。结果表明:经物化预处理提高废水的可生化性以及MBR对生化出水的强化处理后,新工艺对COD、NH3-N等的去除效果较现有工艺有明显改善,正常生产情况下出水可达标排放。