卧螺离心机在城市湖泊污泥脱水中的应用

介绍了LW780X3200Y型卧螺离心机在城市湖泊污泥脱水中的工程应用情况,分析了絮凝剂(PAM)、差转速、处理量、污泥质量浓度等参数对污泥脱水效果的影响,结果表明,添加絮凝剂可显著改善污泥脱水效果,提高运行稳定性;降低差转速、增加处理量、增大污泥质量浓度均能降低固渣含水率,但也将增加余水含固率,降低固相回收率;LW780X3200Y型卧螺离心机最佳运行工况为:转速2 100 r/min,差转速13 r/min,污泥质量浓度10%,处理量63 m3/h,加药量5.6 m3/h。     

超重力模拟试验离心机振动特性的回归分析

目的 研究试验离心机轴承座以及主轴振动随运行工况的变化规律,实现不同工况下离心机振动的预测。方法 通过试验方法分别获取不同工况下超重力模拟试验离心机的轴承座以及轴振数据。建立试验离心机的单自由度动力学模型,基于该模型,对不同工况下离心机基座振动加速度以及主轴振动位移进行回归分析。结果 离心机轴承座以及主轴振动基频均随着转速以及不平衡量的增大而增大。回归模型对轴承座以及机室基频振动数据的回决定系数均在0.9以上,对中导以及上导主轴振动位移的回归决定系数在0.7左右,对下导主轴振动位移决定系数小于0.1。结论 回归模型可以很好地解释和预测轴承座以及机室振动基频随着转速和不平衡量的变化规律,可以部分预测中导以及上导处主轴振动位移随运行工况的变化。该分析结果为大型试验离心机振动监测系统的设计以及振动特性的预测提供了参考。     

测定化学需氧量的新型分光光度法

研究了一种测定化学需氧量(COD Mn)的新型分光光度法。试验结果表明,该法简便快速、准确,精密度高,并且通过与国标法测定结果对比后确定该方法可用于自来水、饮用水等多种水体中COD Mn的测定。     

非稳定流巷道火灾试验系统的研制

介绍了巷道火灾试验系统的构成,测定燃烧区膨胀热阻时测点位置的确定方法,火灾时期烟气温度、壁温及岩体温度、烟流中CO2及O2体积分数、沿程压力和风速等的测试方法及测试仪表精度,系统抗干扰方法,数据采集和处理软件的功能以及测试系统的调试方法.系统采用无补偿导线经济地解决了巷道燃烧区测温热电偶冷端温度补偿的方法,使测温系统误差由过去的10%左右下降到3%.     

DISTRIBUTED RUNOFF FORMULATION DESIGNED FOR A PRECISION AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MODELING SYSTEM1

A precision scale landscape model designed for agricultural applications is described in this paper. The Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) is a combination of two process‐based models: a diffusive wave runoff model with ponding (described in detail) and a biosphere model with a crops module (briefly reviewed). Several innovations, including numerical formulations for the hydrologic properties of the soil surface with crusting, slope/tillage angle interactions, and change of roughness and detention storage with cumulative precipitation have been included. The model is compared to observations on one 1.8 ha field planted with maize and soybeans during four growing seasons, and one 24 ha field planted with maize during one growing season. Daily average soil moisture is simulated well (within 5 percent volumetric), except in extended runoff/ponding episodes. Physical processes not simulated in the model suggest possible explanations for model errors. Planned improvements for PALMS are also presented.     

用通用有限元程序分析精密设备基础沉降的方法

采用弹性有限元方法计算了设备对地基的附加应力 ,根据土力试验数据验算了地基的沉降 ,完成了要用专门的土力学程序分析计算的工作 ,得到满意的结果。本文的工作对于精确分析基础沉降有借鉴作用。     

ESTIMATES OF MEAN CHLOROPHYLL-a CONCENTRATION: PRECISION,ACCURACY, AND SAMPLING DESIGN1

ABSTRACT: Data from 56 north-temperate lakes and reservoirs are used to develop models predicting temporal variance as a function of the mean chlorophyll-a concentration. Trophy, as estimated by mean chlorophyll-a concentration, is shown to have little effect on the sampling effort required to achieve a pre-determined level of precision for lakes sampled year-round. Collecting ten observations results in a coefficient of variation that averaged 20 percent; collecting more than ten observations yields increasingly marginal improvements in precision. The same guidelines apply to mesotrophic or eutrophic lakes sampled in the summer, whereas oligotrophic lakes sampled in the summer require fewer observations to achieve the same level of precision. The bias resulting from collecting too few observations is minimized if five or more observations are collected.     

影响水体中营养盐分析测定准确性因素探讨

对影响水体中营养盐分析测定准确性的各因素进行了详细深入地探讨和分析,并通过实验室验证实验对盐效应影响营养盐分析测定准确性方面进行了首次界定,明确地给出了盐度变化是否会对硝酸盐分析测定产生影响以及其影响程度,并首次最终界定盐度范围。将实验结果应用到实际监测工作中,取得了良好的预期效果,为国家海洋局节能减排专项的顺利实施作出了直接贡献。     

Effect Of Reagent (Dye) Addition In Wet Chemical Method Of Sulfur Dioxide Determination In Ambient Air

For measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in ambient air, the United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) had recommended the PRA dye-based colorimetric method as a reference technique. The method has been developed and applied in many countries for a longtime; however information regarding the sensitivity of the method with respect to sampling and analysis conditions is not available. Collaborative studies conducted in some of the South East Asian countries indicated substantial variations (of the order of 50%) in the measured concentrations against the true values. It was observed that dye used for color development plays an important role and even a slight variation in the way the dye solution is prepared can cause substantial variation in the measured SO₂ concentration. Because a major objective of air quality measurements is to relate air pollution concentration to the effects of air pollution, it is important that the method used should yield accurate levels of the pollutant, so that appropriate management plans can be devised and implemented effectively. In the present investigation, therefore, the role of dye used in SO₂ monitoring method has been highlighted. Different makes of dyes prepared in different modes were used to study the variation in the measured SO₂ concentration levels. Specifications of all the dyes were also tested. Need for use of certified reference material (CRM) for SO₂ has also been emphasized.     

Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes treated by potassium permanganate for determination of trace cadmium prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study we investigated the enrichment ability of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and established a new method for the determination of trace cadmium in environment with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The MWCNTs were oxidized by potassium permanganate under appropriate conditions before use as preconcentration packing.Parameters influencing the recoveries of target analytes were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the target analyte exhibited a good linearity (R~2=0.9992) over the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/ml.The detection limit and precision of the proposed method were 0.15 ng/ml and 2.06%, respectively.The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in real-world environmental samples and the recoveries were in the range of 91.3%-108.0%.All these experimental results indicated that this new procedure could be applied to the determination of trace cadmium in environmental waters.