Dance precision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis florea</Emphasis>—clues to the evolution of the honeybee dance language?

All honeybee species make use of the waggle dance to communicate the direction and distance to both food sources and potential new nest sites. When foraging, all species face an identical problem: conveying information about profitable floral patches. However, profound differences in nesting biology (some nest in cavities while others nest in the open, often on a branch or a cliff face) may mean that species have different requirements when dancing to advertise new nest sites. In cavity nesting species, nest sites are a precise location in the landscape: usually a small opening leading to a cavity in a hollow tree. Dances for cavities therefore need to be as precise as possible. In contrast, when the potential nest site comprises a tree or perhaps seven a patch of trees, precision is less necessary. Similarly, when a food patch is advertised, dances need not be very precise, as floral patches are often large, unless they are so far away that recruits need more precise information to be able to locate them. In this paper, we study the dance precision of the open-nesting red dwarf bee Apis florea. By comparing the precision of dances for food sources and nest sites, we show that A. florea workers dance with the same imprecision irrespective of context. This is in sharp contrast with the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera that increases the precision of its dance when advertising a potential new home. We suggest that our results are in accordance with the hypothesis that the honeybees’ dance communication initially evolved to convey information about new nest sites and was only later adapted for the context of foraging.     

基于预测有效度一致的城市生活垃圾产生量预测

提出了基于预测有效度一致的城市生活垃圾产生量最优组合预测模型,该模型在组合预测之前利用Kendall一致性检验法对参加组合的单项预测模型值的拟合精度进行一致性检验,在通过检验之后再利用方差倒数法求解最优组合权重,建立组合预测模型。通过实例分析,表明其预测精度高于参加组合的各单项模型预测值,在城市生活垃圾产生量的预测工作中有一定的应用价值。     

综合预应力与陀螺效应的TLJ500土工离心机模态分析

目的 分析获得离心机运转时各综合效应对其模态频率的影响.方法 从理论上推导结构在无离心场时,仅考虑预应力刚化效应和仅考虑旋转软化效应与综合考虑各效应时结构固有频率之间的关系.建立TLJ500土工离心机静止状态及运转状态的有限元模型,并根据TLJ500静止状态的模态试验结果对有限元模型中主轴轴承部位的材料参数进行修正识别,获得可信度更高的模型.再将修正识别得到的主轴轴承参数代入离心机运转状态的有限元模型,开展离心机运转状态的模态分析,结合理论分析结果,计算得到综合考虑预应力刚化效应与旋转软化效应时离心机关心模态频率的结果.结果 运转状态TLJ500离心机关心模态频率计算结果与试验结果比较一致.结论 仿真结果验证了文中方法的可行性,为离心机临界转速设计提供了一种可信的数值模拟预测方法.     

试论精确农业及我国行动对策

精确农业是超前性的农业新技术。由于精确农业充分地利用了作物、土壤和病虫害的空间和时间变化量来进行耕作和田间管理,因而,取得的经济和环境边际效益非常显著。结合我国国情,研究发展适用的精确农业技术体系、应用体系不仅是必要的,而且是可能的。精确农业的研究与发展将有助于我国人口、资源与环境方面重大问题的解决,有助于农业资源的高效利用和农业环境保护。为了适应精确农业应用,作为核心技术的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术也应在界面、功能、可操作性、信息源、实时性和处理速度等方面进行改进,深入研究多层次集成系统     

张道口-1井水位观测精度变化分析研究

本文对张道口-1井模拟水位、数字化水位观测精度进行了对比，进一步分析了影响数字化水位观测精度的几个因素，提出了数字化水位在日常观测中应注意的几个问题。     

基于CFD方法的土工离心机数值建模

目的 研究湍流模型和旋转域划分对土工离心机数值计算的影响,以建立适用于土工离心机计算的数值模型。方法 针对一款有实测风阻功率的土工离心机模型,分别采用SRF和MRF方法进行建模,选用标准k-ε、RNG k-ε和SST k-Omega湍流模型,对不同转速下土工离心机室内流场进行数值模拟,对比计算所得风阻功率、流场及温度场分布。结果 标准k-ε模型和SST k-Omega模型对湍流黏度的过度预测会导致计算所得土工离心机风阻功率偏大。中低转速下,旋转域的划分对计算结果的影响较小,但采用SRF方法计算所得的风阻功率与实验值更接近。结论 通过对比实验结果,为土工离心机计算建立了较为可靠的数值模型,并通过对比流场分布分析了因湍流模型选择引起计算误差的原因,为土工离心机数值模拟提供了思路。     

土壤中苯并[a]芘测定的精密度控制指标研究

通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,研究分析了土壤中苯并[a]芘测定的精密度控制指标,并与EPA8270D进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品的室内相对标准偏差的质量控制范围≤28%,室内相对偏差的质量控制范围≤34%。     

提高洪水智能预报中洪峰预报精度方法的研究

针对防洪减灾的实际需要,对如何提高智能网络对洪峰的预报精度问题进行了深入系统的研究,提出了峰值放大修正系数和遗传算法优化网络初始权重相结合的改进算法,历史资料的检验结果表明了这些改进策略的有效性和可靠性.     

铬酸钡光度法测定硫酸盐的改进研究

铬酸钡光度法是测定水中硫酸盐的常用方法之一,但是因为过滤法本身的粗糙使得检测结果重现性差、准确率低.为了提高该方法的准确度和精密度,现用离心机分离代替实验中过滤分离沉淀.实验表明离心机分离法线形范围0～200mg/L,回归方程:y=0.1129x-0.0030,γ=0.9992,检出限为7.10mg/L,回收率约96%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.45%～2.37%,结果无显著性差异(t=0.24,P＞0.01).该方法可应用于水中硫酸盐含量测定以提高准确度,方法快速简便,并与标准方法(重量法)比较,结果满意.     

Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990–2000

We present an exploratory analysis of reported county-specific incidence of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States for the years 1990–2000. We briefly review the disease ecology of Lyme disease and the use of risk maps to describe local incidence as estimates of local risk of disease. We place the relevant elements of local environmental and ecological variables, local disease incidence, and (importantly) local disease reporting in a conceptual context to frame our analysis. We then apply hierarchical linear models of increasing complexity to summarize observed patterns in reported incidence, borrowing information across counties to improve local precision. We find areas of increasing incidence in the central northeastern Atlantic coast counties, increasing incidence branching to the north and west, and an area of fairly stable and slightly decreasing reported incidence in western New York.