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201.
Pb/Zn冶炼废渣中重金属的生物浸出-盐浸处理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用中温嗜热菌对某铅锌冶炼废渣进行生物浸出盐浸处理研究,并根据国家固体废物浸出毒性方法(HJ/T299-2007)对盐浸后余渣进行毒性分析。研究结果表明,在pH 1.5、温度65℃、矿浆浓度5%的优化条件下生物浸出3 d后,废渣中Cu、In、Ga和Zn的浸出率分别达到了91.5%、91.8%、84.9%和93.4%;盐浸生物浸出渣,其浸出液中Ag、Pb浓度分别为7.6和247.5 mg/L,可从废渣中有效回收Cu、In、Ga、Zn、Ag和Pb。生物浸出盐浸处理后余渣约为原渣量的70%;毒性分析浸出液中重金属元素Ag、As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn浓度分别为2~3.5、2~3、0.3~0.5、30~50、2~4、20~60 mg/L,低于国家危险废物鉴别标准(GB5085.3-2007)。根据试验结果,提出了针对冶炼废渣资源化、减量化、无害化的生物浸出盐浸联用工艺。 相似文献
202.
203.
The present paper describes an effort for developing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) for phosphorus and a load reduction
strategy for the Feitsui Reservoir in Northern Taiwan. BASINS model was employed to estimate watershed pollutant loads from
nonpoint sources (NPS) in the Feitsui Reservoir watershed. The BASINS model was calibrated using field data collected during
a 2-year sampling period and then used to compute watershed pollutant loadings into the Feitsui Reservoir. The simulated results
indicate that the average annual total phosphorus (TP) loading into the reservoir is 18,910 kg/year, which consists of non-point
source loading of 16,003 kg/year, and point source loading of 2,907 kg/year. The Vollenweider mass balance model was used
next to determine the degree of eutrophication under current pollutant loading and the load reduction needed to keep the reservoir
from being eutrophic. It was estimated that Feitsui Reservoir can becoming of the oligotrophic state if the average annual
TP loading is reduced by 37% or more. The results provide the basis on which an integrated control action plan for both point
and nonpoint sources of pollution in the watershed can be developed. 相似文献
204.
Use of USLE/GIS Methodology for Predicting Soil Loss in a Semiarid Agricultural Watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an erosion model to estimate average soil loss that would generally result from
splash, sheet, and rill erosion from agricultural plots. Recently, use of USLE has been extended as a useful tool predicting
soil losses and planning control practices in agricultural watersheds by the effective integration of the GIS-based procedures
to estimate the factor values in a grid cell basis. This study was performed in the Kazan Watershed located in the central
Anatolia, Turkey, to predict soil erosion risk by the USLE/GIS methodology for planning conservation measures in the site.
Rain erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), and cover management factor (C) values of the model were calculated from erosivity
map, soil map, and land use map of Turkey, respectively. R values were site-specifically corrected using DEM and climatic
data. The topographical and hydrological effects on the soil loss were characterized by LS factor evaluated by the flow accumulation
tool using DEM and watershed delineation techniques. From resulting soil loss map of the watershed, the magnitude of the soil
erosion was estimated in terms of the different soil units and land uses and the most erosion-prone areas where irreversible
soil losses occurred were reasonably located in the Kazan watershed. This could be very useful for deciding restoration practices
to control the soil erosion of the sites to be severely influenced. 相似文献
205.
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207.
山东省主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱法研究了山东省境内四大流域主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征,涉及我国用量最大的6类共20种抗生素。结果表明:20种抗生素均有检出,且大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素整体检出浓度较高。就流域而言,半岛诸河流域抗生素污染较小,平均总质量浓度61.4 ng/L;海河流域、小清河流域和淮河流域相对较为严重,平均总质量浓度分别为232、175、118 ng/L。抗生素空间分布呈现一定的规律,检出浓度较高的点位主要集中在人口密集区下游,抗生素污染与周边生活污水、养殖企业废水和城市污水处理厂排水密切相关,而且抗生素组成可从一定程度上反映出污染来源。 相似文献
208.
为了研究北京大气颗粒物和二NFDA1英(PCDD/Fs)的污染状况以及评估交通限行对大气颗粒物和PCDD/Fs的影响。利用同位素稀释高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱(HRGC/HRMS)联用法和USEPA 1613B 标准方法,以中国地质大学(北京)东门为采样点,采集大气PM2.5、PM10、TSP样品,对北京市交通限行期间以及交通限行前后等不同交通状况下颗粒物浓度及大气PM2.5中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs污染特征进行了监测。结果表明,PM2.5、PM10、TSP的日均质量浓度在交通限行前分别为126、202、304 μg/m3,限行期间分别为39、78、93 μg/m3,限行结束后分别为79、126 μg/m3。PM2.5中17种PCDD/Fs的质量浓度(毒性浓度)3个时段分别为1 804 fg/m3(70 fg I-TEQ/m3)、252 fg/m3 (9 fg I-TEQ/m3)和1 196 fg/m3 (48 fg I-TEQ/m3)。北京市交通限行期间颗粒物浓度和二 NFDA1 英浓度显著低于交通限行前后,交通源减排措施的实施是大气颗粒物和二 NFDA1英污染水平降低的主要原因,从减排效果看,交通源减排措施对大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的控制效果明显好于大气粗颗粒物。 相似文献
209.
对某省52家焚烧企业(21家生活垃圾和31家危险废物)排放烟气数据进行了分析,结果表明,两类焚烧企业二噁英类17种单体分布有所不同,生活垃圾焚烧烟气中浓度较高的是O8CDD和O8CDF;危险废物焚烧烟气中较大的是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF、2,3,7,8-T4CDD和1,2,3,7,8-P5CDD;两类焚烧企业二噁英类单体对I-TEQ贡献最高的都是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF,贡献率分别为0. 7%~45%和10%~67%;两者的17种二噁英类与I-TEQ的相关性分析表明,1,2,3,7,8-P5CDF在2类焚烧炉中与I-TEQ均存在较高的相关性,其相关系数分别0. 932和0. 927,可以作为潜在的测定指示物。 相似文献
210.
Income and distance-decay effects on willingness to pay estimated by the contingent valuation method
Jongyearn Lee 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(11):1957-1981
This study suggests a methodology for enhancing accuracy in evaluating amenity by the contingent valuation method when household's willingness to pay (WTP) is dependent to its income and the distance between a respondent's residence and the location of a target facility. Using a linear city model, this study demonstrates the influences of income and distance-decay effects on WTP. Simulations are performed to check the validity of the model, as well as to predict consequences when income and distance-decay effects are not properly treated. Finally, the suggested methodology is applied to two real cases. The estimation results from a structural model show that the calculated total benefit varies largely when income and distance-decay effects exist and are ignored. Also, an ad hoc model generates significantly different estimates from the utility difference model this study adopted. The difference in estimates suggests that the total benefit has to be estimated by a structural model. 相似文献