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401.
碳氮磷比失调对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国南方城市污水普遍存在低碳相对高氮磷特征,本文介绍了同时生物脱氮除磷的机理、对碳源的需求与竞争,以及一些针对此类污水生物脱氮除磷的改进工艺及其在实际运用中的效果,并对此类污水的处理方向进行了展望。 相似文献
402.
介绍了环境监测信息网络的组成、作用于流通范围,提出了环境监测信息的构架、环境数据库的设计原则、环境监测应用软件的开发思路,以及环境监测信息网络的管理与维护措施。 相似文献
403.
Gary S. Johnson Bryce A. Contor Donna M. Cosgrove 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(1):27-36
Abstract: Water right transfers are one of the basic means of implementing changes in water use in the highly appropriated water resource systems of the western United States. Many of these systems are governed by the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, which was not originally intended for application to ground‐water pumping and the conjunctive management of ground water and surface water, and thus creates an administrative challenge. That challenge results from the fact that ground‐water pumping can affect all interconnected surface‐water bodies and the effects may be immeasurably small relative to surface water discharge and greatly attenuated in time. Although we may have the ability to calculate the effects of ground‐water pumping and transfers of pumping location on surface‐water bodies, mitigating for all the impacts of each individual transfer is sufficiently inefficient that it impedes the transfer process, frustrates water users, and consequently inhibits economic development. A more holistic approach to ground‐water right transfers, such as a ground‐water accounting or banking scheme, may adequately control transfer third‐party effects while reducing mitigation requirements on individual transfers. Acceptance of an accounting scheme can accelerate the transfer process, and possibly reduce the administrative burden. 相似文献
404.
Richard J. Horwitz Thomas E. Johnson Paul F. Overbeck T. Kevin O’Donnell W. Cully Hession Bernard W. Sweeney 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(3):724-741
Abstract: The joint influences of riparian vegetation and urbanization on fish assemblages were analyzed by depletion sampling in paired forested and nonforested reaches of 25 small streams along an urbanization gradient. Nonforested reaches were narrower than their forested counterparts, so densities based on surface area differ from linear densities (based on reach length). Linear densities (based on number or biomass of fish) of American eel, white sucker and tesselated darter, and the proportion of biomass of benthic invertivores were significantly higher in nonforested reaches, while linear densities of margined madtom and the number of pool species were significantly higher in forested reaches. Observed riparian effects may reflect differences in habitat and algal productivity between forested and nonforested reaches. These results suggest that relatively small‐scale riparian restoration projects can affect local geomorphology and the abundance of fish. Dense vegetative cover in riparian zones and similar or analogous habitats in both forested and nonforested reaches, the relatively small scale of the nonforested reaches, and the low statistical power to detect differences in abundance of rare species may have limited the observed differences between forested and nonforested reaches. There was a strong urbanization gradient, with reductions of intolerant species and increases of tolerant species and omnivores with increasing urbanization. Interactions between riparian vegetation type and urbanization were found for blacknose dace, creek chub, tesselated darter, and the proportion of biomass of lithophilic spawners. The study did not provide consistent support for the hypotheses that responses of fish to riparian vegetation would be overwhelmed by urban degradation or insignificant at low urbanization. 相似文献
405.
Paper recycling is an environmental important activity that is carried out in all the countries, but during the recycling process a paper waste is produced. Generally these wastes are placed in landfill sites but it is possible to profit it as secondary fuel and raw material in manufacture furnaces.
In this work the combustion of the waste papers with cement and ceramic raw material has been studied with the objective to analyse the interaction of these substances with the emitted pollutants like PAHs and PCDD/Fs.
The results of the study show that the presence of inorganic material produces an increment in the lighter PAH emission but chlorinated compounds are not affected. The PCDD/F emission level found in the combustion of this waste is quite low compared with other wastes subjected to similar conditions. 相似文献
406.
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408.
离子化有机污染物在沉积物和水相间的平衡分配计算 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从热力学平衡原理出发,推导出离子化有机污染物在沉积物/水相间分配系数的理论计算模型,并以苯酚,邻氯酚,2,4-二氯酚、五氯酚和苯胺的吸附实验数据为例,计算了它们在中性分子和带电荷的离子形态下的分配系数Kd和Kdi。以及总体分配系数Kdo研究结果表明,离子化有机污染物在沉积物和分配行为不仅与该化学物的pKa和存在形态有关。而且还取决于环境介质的pH。 相似文献
409.
本文采用摇瓶法测定了14各甲酰苯胺类化合物的溶解度及正辛醇/水分配系数,二者之间具有较好的相关性,应用线性溶剂化相关方法获得的相关方程,能更好地预测测苯甲酰苯胺类化合物的的水溶解度和正辛醇/水分配系数。 相似文献
410.
固相萃取- GC/MS法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯类 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,比较了不同固相萃取柱对萃取效果的影响,优化了水样pH值、水样流量、穿透体积、洗脱溶剂、洗脱剂体积、洗脱流量等萃取条件。方法在0.050μg/L-800μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.008μg/L~0.03μg/L,标准溶液测定的RSD≤10.5%,实际水样加标回收率为80.0%-100%。 相似文献