基于原代培养背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的镉毒性效应评价

为了探究淡水贝类背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养途径，并阐释其在评价水体Cd²⁺毒性效应上的潜力，本研究比较了不同酶分解方法（链霉蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶）的鳃细胞存活率差异，并分析了L-15培养基中不同血清浓度（10% FBS、20% FBS）对鳃细胞存活率的影响，细胞置于20℃生化培养箱中培养.进而根据Cd²⁺对鳃细胞的LC₂₅值设定0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5和1.0 mg·L^-1 5个Cd²⁺理论浓度梯度，对原代培养的鳃细胞进行24 h暴露，分析了细胞活力、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和酸性磷酸酶（AcP）的变化特征.结果表明：0.025%链霉蛋白酶在4℃分解16 h的鳃细胞存活率为98.2%±0.2%，显著高于0.25%胰蛋白酶在26℃分解30 min的89.4%±3.5%鳃细胞存活率（p<0.05）；L15培养基加入10% FBS的细胞存活率总体显著高于添加20% FBS的细胞存活率（p<0.05）.在上述较佳的分解和血清浓度组合条件下，细胞培养120 h后，其存活率仍高达90.1%±4.7%.鳃细胞活力随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加而降低，两者之间呈显著的线性负相关（p<0.05）；随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加，SOD和AcP含量总体增加，而CAT含量呈现出"诱导-抑制"的变化趋势.本研究初步建立了较为适宜的背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养方法，并揭示了其原代培养鳃细胞的细胞活力及SOD、CAT、AcP水平，具有作为评价水环境Cd²⁺毒性/污染的生物指标的潜力.     

新型堆肥调理剂的吸水特性及应用

本文研究新型堆肥调理剂 (CTB堆肥调理剂 )的吸水特性及其应用效果。结果表明 ,调理剂的吸水平衡时间为8h。CTB调理剂的混料比例为 4 0 %～ 6 0 % ,可以将污泥水分调节到较为理想的范围 ,使堆肥过程能顺利完成。本调理剂具有适合于快速堆肥和自动控制、可降低堆肥过程的能耗、吸水性较强、除臭效果好、价格便宜、可以循环利用、易于筛分等优点 ,是城市污泥等有机废弃物工厂化快速堆肥的理想调理剂     

SBR工艺在中药生产废水处理中的应用

SBR工艺是对传统活性污泥法的改造中发展起来的一种工艺。根据SBR工艺在中药厂生产废水处理工程的实践,对SBR工艺进行进一步的研究与改进。当进水CODcr为250mg/L,BOD5为120mg/L;出水CODcr为49mg/L,BOD5为20mg/L;CODcr的去除率达80%,BDO5的去除率达83%,SBR工艺处理中药废水效果显著。     

西辽河上游河水水质污染趋势分析与防治对策

文中利用市及旗县区监测站近几年监测数据对西辽河上游的污染程序进行了讨论 ,并进行了趋势分析 ,提出污染防治对策 ,旨在为辽河治理提供参考     

水中溶解氧快速测试管的研制

水中溶解氧不稳定，需要现场即时测定。本文旨在研究现场快速测定水中的溶解氧。本研究运用比色分析的朗伯——比尔定律和真空工艺设计，将复杂繁琐的实验室测试方法和操作程序有机的融合在测试管中。该测试管能快速、简便地测定水中的溶解氧。测定范围为0.01—12mg／1，检出限为0.0lmg／1。常规法测定时间需要3—5小时，而该测试管法仅需1—2分钟，分析成本也大为降低。     

Treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry by acidification and reuse

Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by-products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of oollution of black liauor would be effectively solved.     

浅析沘江水体污染

Bi江水质已为劣V类，主要污染物为Pb,Zn,Cd,As,Hg等重金属，主要污染源是上游的兰坪铅锌矿。水污染已对Bi江两岸人民的生活，生产和健康造成极大影响。目前条件下一要侧重生物多样性保护，治理水土流失，恢复和重建生态环境，二要侧重工业污染防治。     

Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

Test for the effects of three surfactants on the penetration ability of the calcium chloride and water glass solutions in dust

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Effects of low pH on zooplankton in some suburban waterbodies of Chongqing City

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