安全史学的方法论研究

从历史研究发展和安全科学发展的角度分析安全史学研究的重要性和必要性。对安全史学的定义、安全史学认识系统结构、安全史学研究的特征进行综述,详细分析安全史学的研究对象及其分类。基于史学方法论原则和安全科学的方法论原则,总结了安全史学的方法论原则。分析安全史学研究的一般方法即归纳方法、比较方法和综合方法在安全科学研究中的应用,从安全史学研究资料的搜集和分析过程提出安全史学方法学。综合相关文献资料,结合马斯洛层次需求理论和系统论,提出基于人的需求层次的安全史学系统研究法及其应用,为安全史学研究的开展提供理论依据。     

华东电网电力供应及SO2排放预测

根据华东电网电力供需现状、一次能源资源情况、机组退役计划和区外来电情况以及负荷需求预测,重点分析了2005和2010年华东电网煤电机组的变化情况,并根据华东电网煤电机组现有的排放水平,对2005年上海、江苏和浙江的SO2排放进行预测.      

用于粉煤灰排放的加湿卸灰设备

针对粉煤灰排放产生二次污染问题,经过分析比较,选用了科学的加湿排放工作原理,设计了用于粉煤灰排放的新型灰料加湿卸灰机。     

浅论我国沙漠化防治立法的若干原则和制度

沙漠化防治实行预防为主,生态保护与防治结合原则,防治与经济开发利用相协调促进原则;综合防治与分类控制相结合;公众参与和整治者受益结合;对不同责任主体实行不同责任承担原则,由人为不当活动造成的沙漠化治理责任,实行行为者负担原则;对自然作用造成的沙漠化治理实行政府负担为主,受益者合理负担原则;确立统一规划制度;沙漠化状况调查评估与监测预警制度,休耕限耕和扶贫结合制度,禁限制度,优先区域与紧急行动区域制度。     

Formation Process and Amelioration of the Loess Plateau in China

Abstract

Based on the formation process of the Loess Plateau, the characteristics comparison between loess and ancient soil and the located materials of spore- pollen, ancient stone artifact, history, geography and soil erosion, the analysis reveals that the present state serious soil erosion in Loess Plateau, instead of being a natural geologic course, is a consequence of destruction of vegetation, irrational land utilization and the direct destruction of soil permeability and anti-erosion ability, esp. anti-scourability. The water and soil conservation measures, with the twenty-eight-word amelioration principle as the core, are the basis for exploiting and improving water and soil resources of the Loess Plateau so as to harness the Huanghe (the Yellow River).     

济南市水生态文明与产业布局优化研究

济南市水资源主要存在着地下水限量开采、地表水严重不足、客水利用受到制约等问题。以济南市创建水利部水生态文明城市为背景,研究济南市水生态文明城市建设与产业布局优化,分析了济南市产业布局不合理给水资源保护和利用带来的严峻挑战,提出了以济南市水生态保护为目标的产业优化布局方案,建议大力发展水生态文明城市建设相关产业。     

可持续城市发展的生态原则及其对策

文章论述了城市生态化及其发展对策 ,提出可持续城市发展的概念及其生态原则 ,以期推动我国城市生态化和可持续城市建设工作的开展     

Heavy duty vehicles: Impact on the environment and the path to green operation

The increase in the number of heavy duty vehicles (HDV) is inherently accompanied by increase in congestion, pollutant emissions and energy use as well as infrastructure overuse, all of which have broad societal implications. In addition to affecting the environment, contributing markedly to global warming, significant implications for the health of many residents living along traffic corridors as well as increases in the cost of infrastructure maintenance are logical consequences. In this interdisciplinary work a holistic approach is presented for the assessment of the combined effects of HDV employing pollutant emissions, noise and dynamic load of vehicles as criteria. Results show that vehicles that are environmentally friendly due to their pollutant emissions are not necessarily environmentally friendly when their noise emissions are considered. Each relevant parameter has to be assessed individually. Using a proposed model, the parameters are combined to obtain a holistic impression of the vehicles’ total environmental footprint. This information can be used by policy makers to introduce a bonus/malus system that would encourage vehicles with a total low environmental footprint using the “polluter/user pays” principle.     

A comparative study of countries’ responsibilities for carbon dioxide emission in an open economy

In an open economy, embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country’s emissions responsibility. In this study, a multiregional input–output model is constructed to calculate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 25 World Trade Organization members, including China, according to the producer–consumer shared responsibility principle. The study indicates that: it is fairer and more efficient to identify each country’s carbon dioxide emissions responsibility according to the shared responsibility principle; China’s producer responsibility is 1.4 times that of the USA, while China’s consumer responsibility is only one-tenth that of the USA; according to the producer responsibility principle, China shoulders the greatest responsibility. According to the producer–consumer shared responsibility principle, China’s responsibility shows a large decrease. Resource endowment, economic development stage, and trade structure account for the abovementioned changes in China’s emissions responsibility.     

环境影响评价的一致性原则研究

一致性原则是从事技术研究工作的基本原则.这一原则也是环境影响评价的内在特点及基本要求之一,并作为判断环境影响评价工作是否符合规范、是否具有科学合理性的要素之一.在环境影响评价工作中,评价标准、评价内容与工程内容、环境问题与环境管理措施、项目建设条件与区域环境特征、工作程序的时间逻辑等方面均要严格遵守一致性原则.文章从环境影响评价工作实践出发,从前述几方面分析了环境影响评价的一致性特点,总结了环境影响评价工作中常见的一致性问题,探讨了贯彻环境影响评价一致性原则的方法.