The Role of Institutions and Policy in Enhancing Sustainable Development and Conserving Natural Capital

The use and management of natural capital is critical in all nations, but especially so in poor nations. The role of institutions – chiefly, property rights and pricing systems for natural resources – is pivotal in achieving growth and improved distribution of income and wealth, in understanding environmental degradation, and in seeking improved policy. Particularly useful criteria and indicators of sustainable development relate to `green' output and productivity measures in which the depreciation of natural capital is being considered. Special management problems exist for `critical' components of natural capital to which variants of the precautionary principle must be applied to ensure that our heirs receive an undiminished patrimony.     

PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR TPLN DISTRIBUTION FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: The principle of maximum entropy (POME) was used to derive an alternative method for parameter estimation for the three parameter lognormal (TPLN) distribution. Six sets of annual peak discharge data were used to evaluate this method and compare it with the methods of moments and maximum likelihood estimation.     

Reducing the harms associated with risk assessments

Risk assessments are the intellectual products of dedicated public health and environmental professionals. Like many other products, risk assessments carry with them the potential for both good and harm. This paper briefly examines some of the harms to which risk assessments have contributed, and then suggests that the legal “duty to warn” doctrine offers a logical and practical way to reduce some of these harms. The paper suggests concepts that could be incorporated into warnings accompanying every formal risk assessment as routine “boiler plate” addenda, just as other potentially harmful products, such as lawn mowers and cook stoves, are accompanied by warnings. Finally, the paper briefly examines the “Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice for Environmental Professionals” (promulgated by the National Association of Environmental Professionals) and shows that the suggested warnings are consistent with recommended practices for environmental professionals.     

水质分段法优化河流监测断面及其在水功能区达标监测中的应用

提出水质分段优化河流水质断面的原则和水质突变点确定的方法,将优化后省级尺度的监测断面直接用于地表水环境功能区达标监测,取得良好的环境效益和社会效益。     

统计方法在区域大气环境质量诊断分析中的应用

分析华北11城市(北京、石家庄、太原、天津、大同、唐山、保定、呼和浩特、济南、郑州和西安)近年的天气型演变和PM10日均值随时空变化情况,发现华北城市群存在区域性的同步污染特征,各城市的环境过程和环境质量受这种区域性的背景影响显著。11城市的污染资料主分量分析结果可以很好地描述华北地区的各类天气型控制下,华北城市群区域性的同步污染和输送汇聚环境过程,并可以依据主分量分析结果对各城市的环境质量做出客观上的评价。     

收益原则视角下中国下游碳贸易平衡

基于多区域投入产出模型的戈什模型,以中国为主要研究对象,核算并分析了1995~2011年全球41个国家和地区的下游碳贸易平衡.结果表明,研究期间内中国收益侧碳排放远小于直接碳排放,下游碳贸易平衡年均增长率达11.92%,中国是收益侧碳排放最大的净进口国.日本、美国、德国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚及巴西等国对中国收益侧碳排放净出口规模不断扩大,中国已经成为这些国家和地区收益侧碳排放转移的重要目的地之一.建立以收益原则为基础的碳排放责任核算体系有利于建立更加公正和有效的碳减排方案,有利于中国主张合理的碳排放责任原则和实行有效的碳减排政策.     

Rates of environmental problem generation: Thoughts on a new research direction

Environmental scientists are continually discovering new and emerging environmental problems. There have been many studies of how a particular environmental problem has occurred, its costs to society, and its (potential) resolution. However, to date there have been few studies of the rate at which new environmental problems are generated by human technological innovations. In this note, I present a conceptual framework that will help quantify how many now-unknown problems we may expect to occur in a given sector. Two brief case studies illustrate the difficulty of finding appropriate dataset for fitting the full model, however. Policy implications of the conceptual framework are discussed, with different kinds of economic sectors requiring different approaches.     

柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器

本文介绍了柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器的工作原理、结构和工艺、安装和再生以及在使用过程中应注意的柴油机背压、确定转化温度、增加加热装置等问题。最后谈了目前柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器存在的缺陷和技术发展趋势。     

防火墙在网络边界中的安全性评估

防火墙是在内部网与外部网之间实施安全防范的系统 ,负责对资源的访问控制。笔者深入分析了防火墙的过滤技术、状态检测技术及代理技术在Internet应用中的安全弱点 ,阐述了网络的拓扑结构、防火墙配置、网络边界环境对防火墙安全的影响 ,提出了构建防火墙时 ,可以采用从外部和内部两个方向对防火墙进行安全性评估原则 ,以及一些可行的探测防火墙弱点、网络流量、防火墙规则是否实现的方法 ,从而在网络边界中构建更加安全的防火墙。     

安全生产管理是企业的生存之本

阐述了安全生产管理在企业生存和发展中的重要性，并就如何提高安全生产管理工作提出了一些切实可行的建议和企业安全生产管理的基本原则和措施。