低温胁迫下香菇基因表达差异研究

香菇为变温结实型担子菌,为探讨低温胁迫诱导香菇子实体形成的分子机理,应用mRNA差异显示技术对低温胁迫下香菇菌丝体基因表达差异进行了比较.电泳差异展示结果表明,低温胁迫前后基因表达在数量水平和质量水平上都存在显著差异,数量水平的差异表现为低温胁迫过程中表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)增强表达或减弱表达;质量水平上的差异表现为低温胁迫使部分ESTs特异诱导表达或沉默表达.差异ESTs的类型比较和多态性分析发现,低温胁迫处理6~12h可能是诱发香菇原基发生的关键时段.本文还对显著差异表达的基因片段进行序列分析和Northern杂交验证,初步讨论了低温胁迫时间在调控香菇子实体发生中的作用.图4表2参13     

大熊猫基因组微卫生DNA的分离与序列分析

以pBS^ 为克隆载体,构建圈养大熊猫基因组DNA的小插入文库,分别用生物素标记的（CAC）5和γ-^32P-dATP标记的（CA）15寡核苷酸为探针,对重组质粒进行斑点杂交,获得15个阳性克隆,并测定了插入片段的DNA序列,其中有一部分序列已被分析,本文对剩余的8个DNA序列进行分析,发现它们大小不一,从259bp-881bp,有6个序列含有不同重复单位的一、二、四核苷酸的完整串联重复,斑点杂交和Southern杂交证明,这些序列均来自大熊猫基因组,上述结果为利用PCR技术研究大熊猫遗传多样性和了解大熊猫基因组结构积累资料。     

Use of standardized methods to improve extinction-risk classification

Standardized classification methods based on quantifiable risk metrics are critical for evaluating extinction threats because they increase objectivity, consistency, and transparency of listing decisions. Yet, in the United States, neither federal nor state agencies use standardized methods for listing species for legal protection, which could put listing decisions at odds with the magnitude of the risk. We used a recently developed set of quantitative risk metrics for California herpetofauna as a case study to highlight discrepancies in listing decisions made without standardized methods. We also combined such quantitative metrics with classification tree analysis to attempt to increase the transparency of previous listing decisions by identifying the criteria that had inherently been given the most weight. Federally listed herpetofauna in California scored significantly higher on the risk-metric spectrum than those not federally listed, whereas state-listed species did not score any higher than species that were not state listed. Based on classification trees, state endemism was the most important predictor of listing status at the state level and distribution trend (decline in a species’ range size) and population trend (decline in a species’ abundance at localized sites) were the most important predictors at the federal level. Our results emphasize the need for governing bodies to adopt standardized methods for assessing conservation risk that are based on quantitative criteria. Such methods allow decision makers to identify criteria inherently given the most weight in determining listing status, thus increasing the transparency of previous listing decisions, and produce an unbiased comparison of conservation threat across all species to promote consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness of the listing process.     

The prioritization of natural-historical based ecotourism strategies with multiple-criteria decision analysis in ancient UNESCO city: Iznik-Bursa case

Ecotourism contains the integration from ecological integrity and economic benefits to environmental and historically sensitive areas. One of the major keys of ecotourism-planning strategies is to ensure the sustainability of unique natural and cultural resources by a balance strategy between protection and use. It causes both the increase of the ecotourism awareness of local people and visitors and the decrease of the environmental problems and visitor pressures on the landscape resources of potential ecotourism areas. For this reason, the study presents the example of Iznik which is an ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman city of Nicaea with its lake, historical walls and gates, churches and early-period mosques, ceramic tiles, and agricultural activities on the southeast of Marmara Region, Turkey. It has been declared to have a different protected area status. However, the number of unsuitable management and uncontrolled economic activities has caused damage to sensitive landscape values. The aim of this research is to define ecotourism criteria for Iznik and it offers ecotourism strategies for the sustainability of sensitive landscape areas. Fieldwork, field observation, interviews and survey study with integrated multiple-criteria decision analysis and strengths-weakness-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis conducted with locals, tourists and experts were performed for this purpose. According to the results, among the 4 main and 15 sub-criteria of ecotourism to be in UNESCO Tentative List, the opportunity for ecotourism-planning strategy was found as the highest priority ranking. This research proposes a framework by using a priority-ranking method for the development of ecotourism strategies in the town.     

一株兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌的分离与系统发育学分析

从云南哀牢山泥土中分离出一株生长温度范围为7～40℃的兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌8-1.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,直径0.2～0.3μm,长2～5μm,具有弯曲和微弯杆状两种形态,不运动,单生﹑成对﹑多数成聚集状态存在.能够利用H2/CO2和甲酸盐生长,不利用甲醇﹑三甲胺﹑乙酸和二元醇类.最适生长条件:温度为35℃,pH值为7.5～8.5,盐浓度为0 mol/L NaCI.最低生长的温度可达到7℃.菌株8-1与标准株Methanobacterium subterraneum strain A8p(=DSM 11074T)的16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99%.     

基于数据挖掘技术的超市顾客群研究

利用SPSS Clementine 10.1数据挖掘工具,遵循CRISP-DM模型的商业目标、数据理解、建立模型的流程对超市顾客进行分析研究。提出衡量超市客户忠诚度的忠诚度系数指标,建立忠诚度—盈利性顾客细分模型,运用k-means算法对超市顾客进行聚类分析,帮助超市企业准确识别不同类型的顾客群,尤其是忠诚的高盈利顾客。再利用所建立的序列分析模型分析顾客类别变化路径,预测顾客价值变化趋势,及早发现潜在价值顾客,使其尽早成为企业忠诚的高价值顾客,实现超市企业利润的有效提升,最终在日益激烈的商业竞争中立于不败之地。     

Habitat evaluation of wild Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and conservation priority setting in north-eastern China

The Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is one of the world’s most endangered species. Recently, habitat fragmentation, food scarcity and human hunting have drastically reduced the population size and distribution areas of Amur tigers in the wild, leaving them on the verge of extinction. Presently, they are only found in the north-eastern part of China. In this study, we developed a reference framework using methods and technologies of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), GAP analysis and Natural Break (Jenks) classification to evaluate the habitat and to set the conservation priorities for Amur tigers in eastern areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces of northeast China. We proposed a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) incorporating 7 factors covering natural conditions and human disturbance. Based on the HSI values, the suitability was classified into five levels from the most to not suitable. Finally, according to results of GAP analysis, we identified six conservation priorities and designed a conservation landscape incorporating four new nature reserves, enlarging two existing ones, and creating four linkages for Amur tigers in northeast China. The case study showed that the core habitats (the most suitable and highly suitable habitats) identified for Amur tigers covered 35,547 km², accounting for approximately 26.71% of the total study area (1,33,093 km²). However, existing nature reserves protected only (7124 km² or) 20.04% of the identified core habitats. Thus, enlargement of current reserves is necessary and urgent for the tiger’s conservation and restoration. Moreover, the establishment of wildlife corridors linking core habitats will provide an efficient reserve network for tiger conservation to maintain the evolutionary potential of Amur tigers facing environmental changes.     

城市震害时空序列的展开过程分析

本文系统地介绍城市地震灾害的主体，震害的特征及按时间、空间序列的发展过程。城市震害是多种灾害同时发生、相互影响，并且多种灾害在时空序列上都有发生、发展和延续的过程。通过对以往几次城市地震灾害的现象的研究、展示其在时空序列的分布规律，力求找到各种灾害与抗震救灾活动的对应关系     

Amnion rupture sequence in a first trimester missed abortion

We report the diagnosis of amnion rupture sequence made by sonography and fetoscopy during the first trimester of gestation in a case of missed abortion. The investigation revealed a demised fetus with the characteristics of 9 weeks of development. The early fetus had an amnion adhesion at the tip of the nose and strands of amnion wrapped around the terminal phalanges of both feet. No defects in addition to the face and limb involvement were identified. The karyotype was normal: 46,XX. In the reported case, fetoscopy allowed confirmation of the sonographic diagnosis of an amnion rupture sequence in the first trimester of gestation and consequently helped to clarify the cause of abortion in this case of early fetal demise. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“There is nothing political in it”: triggers of local political leaders' engagement in climate adaptation

Local government is attributed a vital role in climate-change adaptation. Previous studies contend that conflicting priorities, insufficient institutional incentives and knowledge of risks, and inadequate resources all impede local climate adaptation. Though the importance of local political support in enabling climate adaptation is widely acknowledged, the views of local politicians have rarely been analysed. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with local politicians in Sweden, we explore what affects their engagement in climate adaptation. The study claims that climate adaptation contrary to mitigation is not viewed as political beyond directing attention and sanctioning guidelines set by officials. A limited number of interviewees claim a more strategic political role in adaptation. The combined effect of institutional incentives (e.g. fragmented national guidelines, unappealing goals, and lack of funding), relative weight in local politics, and ability to exercise political leadership (e.g. campaign value, public and media pressure, and lack of ideology) is perceived as too insignificant to trigger strong political engagement. In less-populous municipalities, adaptive measures were highly valued for demonstrating political action.