峡东地区奥陶系庙坡组地球化学异常与海平面变化研究

通过对峡东地区陈家河剖面奥陶系庙坡组笔石动物群及稀土元素地球化学、有机碳同位素异常和Ce异常的研究 ,讨论了庙坡组沉积时期的海平面变化及相应的层序地层的划分 ,整个庙坡组可以划分为一个三级层序 ,其海侵域相当于H .teretiusculus带的沉积 ,当海平面达到最大海泛面附近时的凝缩沉积及其后的高位域则与N .gracilis带的沉积相当。并认为这一时期笔石的生态差异主要受温度的控制而非地理阻隔的影响。     

新疆昭苏黄土剖面色度变化特征及古气候意义

对受西风影响的伊犁盆地南缘的昭苏波马剖面进行色度指标分析后发现,在黄土堆积期间,亮度L^*在很大程度上受控于颜色分量a^*、b^*,同有机质含量关系密切。在S_* 中亮度L^* 与碳酸钙有较好的相关性,而在L_*中相关性极低。红度a^*受赤铁矿含量的影响最大,其较好的 正相关关系可以很好地反映气候变干的过程。而黄度b^*与针铁矿相关性较差,易受到多方面因 素的影响,对气候转变的敏感性不高。     

Phylogeny-based conservation priorities for Australian freshwater fishes

Conservation scientists are increasingly interested in the question of how extinction prunes the tree of life. This question is particularly important for Australian freshwater fishes because there is a broad mix of ∼300 old and young species, many of which are severely threatened. We used a complete species-level phylogeny of Australian freshwater fishes to examine phylogenetic nonrandomness of extinction risk. We computed the potential loss of phylogenetic diversity by simulating extinction across the tree under a pattern weighted based on International Union for Conservation of Nature extinction risk category and compared this loss to projected diversity loss under a random null model of extinction. Finally, we calculated EDGE (evolutionary distinctiveness, global endangerment) scores for 251 freshwater and 60 brackish species and compiled a list of high-priority species for conservation actions based on their extinction risk and evolutionary uniqueness. Extinction risk was not random and was clustered in both diversity cradles (recently diversifying, species-rich clades, such as Galaxiidae and Percichthyidae) and museums (older, species-poor groups, such as freshwater chondrichthyans). Clustered extinction made little difference to the average expected loss of phylogenetic diversity. However, the upper bound of loss was higher under a selective model of extinction, particularly when the counts of species lost were low. Thus, the loss of highly threatened species would diminish the tree of life more than a null model of randomly distributed extinction.  High priority species included both widely recognized and charismatic ones, such as the Queensland lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), river sharks, and freshwater sawfishes, and lesser-known species that receive less public attention, including the salamanderfish (Lepidogalaxias salamandroides), cave gudgeons, and many galaxiids, rainbowfishes, and pygmy perches.