油松叶绿体DNA间隔序列特点及系统学意义

对全国分布区12个天然油松种群进行取样,测定了叶绿体DNAtrnT-trnL、trnS-trnG、trnL-trnF基因间隔序列,分析了序列碱基组成特点及在松科系统分类中的意义.测序结果显示,3个片段碱基序列均富含A/T,长度依次为448bp、636bp和421bp,所测片段在种群水平上十分保守,没有发现具有种内鉴别意义的碱基变异.但此片段适合于松科属间和种间的系统学分析,运用PHYLIP软件构建松科植物的邻接系统树,支持松科分为两个亚科的分类系统,拓扑结构表明松属与银杉属的关系最近.由于叶绿体DNA序列长度适中,扩增和测序较为容易,适合作为研究松科植物系统进化较为理想的分子标记.图2表2参24     

状态空间法在省域主体功能区划中的应用——以湖南省为例

从资源环境承载力、开发密度和发展潜力等系统因素出发,确定了区域主体功能区划的指标体系,提出了基于状态空间理论的省域主体功能区划分的综合方法。以湖南省14个地级市(州)为基本空间单元,运用该方法进行了主体功能区类型划分。结果表明:除依法设立的各类自然保护区散布在各地级市外,属于省级重点开发或优化开发的区域主要分布在东部和中部地区,限制开发区则集中在西部地区。应用状况空间分析方法进行主体功能区划,能较好地反映区域的整体承载状况,为优化区域空间结构与布局,统筹区域可持续发展提供战略决策依据,并为我国主体功能区划提供理论方法参考。     

Ergonomic Diagnosis of the Driver’s Workplace in an Electric Locomotive

This paper deals with research aimed at developing a method for ergonomic analysis of the driver’s workplace in an electric locomotive. It presents the structure of the diagnosis and its assumptions, and includes a re-evaluation of the questionnaire-expert method in ergonomic research. The article presents research data on weights and evaluations including their standard deviations for particular priority features. Ergonomic levels of the studied operator’s cabin in locomotives are compared.     

中国遗传资源优先保护等级评价标准的构建

确定科学合理的生物遗传资源优先保护等级,是当前保护生物学研究的一个核心问题。文章通过分析国内外遗传资源优先保护等级评价研究进展,针对遗传资源的特点,对遗传资源与物种关系、遗传资源多样性、境外种群影响、遗传资源价值、潜在利用价值、人工繁育技术、特有情况等方面进行了探讨并提出相应建议,初步确定了遗传资源优先保护等级的评价标准,以期能为生物遗传资源的有效保护和科学管理提供参考依据。     

Assessing conservation opportunity on private land: socio-economic, behavioral, and spatial dimensions

This study presents a method for assessing conservation opportunity on private land based on landholders' socio-economic, behavioral, and farm characteristics. These characteristics include age, gender, education, level of off-farm income, farm size, proportion of remnant native vegetation on-farm, and ecological value of native vegetation on-farm. A sample of landholders who own greater than 2 ha of land in the South Australian Murray-Darling Basin region were sent a mail-based survey about their values and preferences for environmental management (N = 659, 52% response). Cross-tabulations and ANOVA statistical analysis techniques were used to compare the socio-economic attributes across three landholder classes: disengaged, moderately engaged, and highly engaged in native vegetation planting. Results indicate that highly engaged landholders were more likely to be female, formally educated, hobby farmers who managed small parcels of land and have high off-farm incomes, whereas disengaged landholders held significantly stronger farming connections (more farming experience, family have lived on the farm for more generations). Spatial analysis revealed area-specific differences in conservation opportunity and conservation priority. In some areas, properties of high ecological value were managed by highly engaged landholders, but nearby properties of high value were managed by moderately engaged or disengaged landholders. Environmental managers therefore cannot assume areas of high conservation priority will be areas of high conservation opportunity. At the regional scale, the potential for revegetation seems most promising within the moderately engaged landholder group considering the vast amount of land managed by this group in areas of high ecological value, particularly within the less represented Mallee and Coorong and Rangelands sub-regions. We suggest that incentive schemes which purchase conservation need to be targeted at disengaged landholders; mentoring schemes led by commercial farmers highly engaged in native vegetation planting should be directed at moderately engaged landholders, and; awards programs which acknowledge conservation successes should be targeted at highly engaged landholders.     

贵州浓香型白酒大曲中霉菌的18S rDNA系统发育分析

从贵州某名酒厂大曲中分离到104株丝状真菌(霉菌),通过形态特征和生理特性检测等传统鉴定方法,初步把形态和生理生化特征一致的霉菌归类为14个大类群;并采用18S rDNA序列分析,进一步把菌株归类为MJ-I至MJ-V五个类群,随后构建系统发育树.结果表明,样品中的霉菌以曲霉属(Aspergillus)为主,占总分离菌数...     

鲢鱼、草鱼和尼罗罗非鱼热休克蛋白70基因cDNA全序列的克隆与分析

采用RT-PCR技术和RACE技术分别从淡水食毒藻鱼类鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis nilotica）及草食性鱼类草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）肝脏扩增出热休克蛋白70（HSP70）cDNA全序列,并与其它鱼类、两栖类和哺乳类动物的HSP70氨基酸进行了同源性比较. 结果表明,鲢鱼、草鱼和尼罗罗非鱼肝脏HSP70基因cDNA全长分别为2356 bp、2348 bp和2242 bp,分别编码649、649和638个氨基酸.鲢鱼、草鱼和尼罗罗非鱼HSP70与其它鱼类、两栖类和哺乳类动物HSP70氨基酸同源性均较高,表明其在进化上高度保守,且承担着重要的生理功能.构建系统进化树发现,鲢鱼、草鱼与其它鲤科鱼类斑马鱼、银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）的HSP70氨基酸同源性较高,处于同一进化树分枝;而尼罗罗非鱼HSP70未与其它鲈形目鱼类,如鲷科鱼类聚为一枝,而是占据一个独立的分枝,这与克隆得到的鲢鱼、草鱼肝脏HSP70基因可能为结构型HSP70,而尼罗罗非鱼肝脏HSP70基因可能为诱导型HSP70的结果相一致.     

废镉镍电池中镉优先浸出工艺

通过CdO、NiO酸浸反应的热力学和动力学研究 ,得知CdO、NiO二者的浸出条件有较大差异 ,实验确定了废镉镍电池中镉优先浸出的工艺条件 :5 0℃、pH =2的硫酸溶液中浸 5 0min ,在此工艺条件下 ,镉能 10 0 %浸出 ,而镍的浸出率只有 2 5 %。     

高温好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其反硝化性能研究

通过高温筛选,从燃煤电厂生物滴滤系统填料的生物膜上分离出1株高效好氧反硝化细菌TAD1.该菌株革兰氏染色呈阴性,短杆状,大小为(0.67～0.89)μm×(1.03～1.41)μm;经生理生化特性和基于16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为螯台球菌属(Chelatococcus 8p.).对菌株TAD1的反硝化性能进...     

2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震余震序列震源机制解与震源区应力场分析

本文利用垂直向的Pg和Sg波的最大振幅比方法,计算2000年1月15日云南姚安6.5级地震后余震序列震源机制解,通过统计和系统聚类分析,再结合震中分布图,综合分析了云南姚安6.5级地震的震源机制解和震源区应力场破裂特征,研究结果表明震源断层的走向为SEE-NWW占主导,其平均解为120°,震区主压应力轴平均解为145°,即SSE向,与震源区现今构造应力场主压应力方向一致,表明余震的应力场主要受区域应力场的控制.