城市生活垃圾处理国内外比较研究

针对目前国内外城市生活垃圾现状,通过对生活垃圾"三化"模式分析,并从分类收集、收费制度、资源利用、无害处置等几方面,全面比较了国内外垃圾处理状况。在分析发达国家成功之处和中国目前存在问题及原因的基础上,提出了应采取的相应对策。     

Method to map human and infrastructure vulnerability using CNN land cover: Case study of floating tank explosion at petrochemical plants of LaemChabang,Thailand

Industrial storage tanks, used to store flammable materials in the petrochemical industry, can induce potential fire and explosion under specific conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to map the population and environment vulnerability, and, to develop procedures for emergency responses in order to reduce potential casualties. In order to achieve this, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used in this study using 6 classes: floating tank, forest, house, road, wasteland and water. Datasets are built for a total of approximately 1.4 million tiles with a resolution of 0.33m/pixel and their size are optimized in function of the class. The 6 associated CNN models are built and optimized to classify each class. The validation of the models shows that, with the exception of road and wasteland where the precision is only 73% and 89% respectively, the other 4 classes have a value higher than 95%. Post-processing is performed on each prediction before aggregating these results to obtain the land cover. For the floating tank class, a 5 step post-processing is used based on a Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm (DBCAN) after which blast simulation is applied and effects on people, buildings and trees are obtained through 4 steps. Finally, the petrochemical site of LaemChabang in Thailand is used as study case. Except for the road class that is difficult to detect, land cover is well performed. Human casualties and surface of damaged buildings are finally estimated demonstrating the usefulness of the tool to be used for the emergency planning of industrial disasters.     

我国电子废弃物回收处理现状、问题及对策

随着电子信息产业的迅猛发展,国内电子废弃物也迅速增加,成为我国环境安全的重大隐患。文章概述了我国废弃电子电器产品回收处理现状及存在的问题,并提出了对电子废物回收利用的对策。     

Identification and expression of the COI1 gene family in Camellia sinensis and its expression in oolong tea processing北大核心CSCD

茉莉酸受体蛋白COI1(coronatine insensitive 1)是茉莉酸信号转导途径的重要组成部分,为鉴定分析茶树茉莉酸受体COI1基因家族,预测其潜在的分子功能,了解茉莉酸受体COI1基因在乌龙茶加工中应答胁迫的分子机制,利用生物信息学方法对茶树茉莉酸受体COI1进行家族成员鉴定,氨基酸序列、结构域、基因结构、进化分析以及启动子顺式元件分析,结合实时荧光定量分析CsCOI1基因在乌龙茶加工中的表达.结果显示,茶树茉莉酸受体CsCOI1家族有两个成员,均含有F-box和富亮氨酸重复序列(LRRs)两个结构域;单子叶、双子叶的COI1蛋白各聚一支,且与蜜柑进化关系较近;茶树COI1基因家族两个成员均含有3个内含子,启动子顺势元件主要有胁迫响应元件、激素响应元件以及光响应元件;转录组数据说明茶树CsCOI1基因具有较强的组织表达差异性.实时荧光定量分析表明,CsCOI1a基因在室内萎凋后表达显著上调,且15 min、30 min日光萎凋后CsCOI1b基因的表达水平显著上调,同时茉莉酸含量发生显著变化.本研究推测CsCOI1基因可能通过茉莉酸信号转导途径参与乌龙茶加工中萎凋的胁迫响应过程,该结果可为乌龙茶加工品质调控奠定基础.(图8表2参30)     

数字图像技术结合小岛法在煤分形特征中的应用*

为探究煤的孔裂隙结构分形特征,以贵州富煤区4个煤层的煤样为研究对象,基于扫描电镜和低温液氮实验综合表征煤样的孔裂隙发育程度及连通性,应用Photoshop,Image-Pro-Plus图像处理技术对煤的SEM图像进行二值化处理及主要参数提取;结合小岛法计算煤样的孔裂隙分形维数值,并与扫描电镜、低温液氮实验分析结果进行对比。结果表明:经扫描电镜和低温液氮实验发现,4个煤层的孔裂隙连通性优先顺序依次为六盘水煤田3#煤层＞黔北煤田9#煤层＞黔北煤田8#煤层＞织纳煤田8#煤层;借助图像处理技术并结合小岛法对实验煤样的孔裂隙分形维数进行计算,各实验煤层分形维数由小到大依次为六盘水煤田3#煤层<黔北煤田9#煤层<黔北煤田8#煤层<织纳煤田8#煤层,该分形维数排序所反馈的煤样孔裂隙发育程度及连通性信息与前述2个实验结果相互印证,表明数字图像技术与小岛法分形相结合能真实、准确地反映煤的分形特征。     

崇左市褐铁矿加工项目对地下水环境的影响

研究区为典型的南方岩溶区,地下岩溶管道十分发育,为了获得其地下水等水位线图,使用GMS软件包,并采用MODFLOW的排水沟渠子程序包以及河流子程序包来模拟管道流。数值计算结果表明,拟建项目的废水入渗到含水层后将向西南方向渗流,最终流入黑水河。尾矿渣的淋溶试验结果显示,由于选矿废水中的重金属含量低,故预计项目建成后选矿废水对含水层的重金属污染风险性很小。     

BSSF滚筒法钢渣处理技术发展现况研究

介绍了BSSF滚筒法渣处理技术的原理和发展现状,通过对主体设备的不断优化完善及工艺系统的再次开发,对钢渣黏度适应性增强,钢渣处理率从30%提高到85%,系统运行稳定,为钢渣资源化利用提供了良好的条件,符合当今社会对环保及固废资源循环利用的需求。     

Exploring the use of satellite images in the estimation of potential malaria outbreak regions

Malaria outbreaks affect nearly 40 per cent of the earth's population, most of whom live in tropical and subtropical zones. Malaria is an infectious disease that is transferred by the female mosquito of the species Anopheles. The life cycle of the malaria parasite develops in the anopheline and in the human body. These parasites require suitable environmental conditions in order to complete their development cycles within the mosquito. The relevant parameters are temperature, humidity, vegetation and water. A temperature range of 25–35°C and relative humidity range of 50–80 per cent is suitable for developing malaria outbreaks. As the fly-range of the mosquito is limited to 2–4 km, and since water pools are necessary for breeding, the vector abundance is significantly higher around water bodies. Vegetation cover also has an indirect role on malaria vector abundance. To seek to locate the regions with high potential for malaria outbreaks, we have constructed an experimental map of above-mentioned parameters via remote sensing images. A 7ETM⁺ image of Landsat platform is used in this study and maps of parameters such as land surface temperature, air temperature, air humidity, water pools and vegetated area were produced. However, a weighted combination of these layers showed some poor agreement with the distribution of positive malaria cases collected in the health centres in the region. The methodology first developed in this study is fast and accurate enough to be relied on for forecasting purposes, and could eventually lead—after further research and proper correlations—to improving the targeting of mitigation and relief operations by local health and related organizations.     

Distribution,removal and chemical forms of heavy metals in polluted rice seed

In this paper, the distribution, removal and binding forms of heavy metals in polluted seeds of rice were studied using the methods of histochemistry and biochemistry. The results indicate that the distribution of heavy metals in rice grains was very uneven. The heavy metals in rice grains chiefly exist in association with the parts of high protein. Separation of proteins by Sephadex chromatography and subsequent analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that Cd, Pb and As were mainly bound to protein of 54.5 and 5.50 kD molecular weights. During the rice processing, the concentrations of heavy metals in the edible rice decrease greatly, for some heavy metals in these parts of chaff, coarse rice bran and fine rice bran were removed.     

驾驶行为模型的研究进展

驾驶员行为模型的研究对于预测和干预驾驶员的风险行为、设计相关的道路安全设施与车内设备,以及制定交通法律法规等具有重要的意义。为了解和掌握学术界关于驾驶行为模型的研究进展,搜集、筛选和归纳了1960—2010年被SCI数据库索引的相关文章,将驾驶行为模型分类为描述性模型、信息处理模型、动机模型、计划行为理论(TPB)和躯体标识假设,并对每种模型进行评述和总结,理清这些模型间的内在联系。研究发现,现有各模型只是从某个角度研究驾驶员行为的部分特征,而不能解释驾驶员的全部行为。今后应不断完善和整合各类模型,并借鉴心理学、生理学和行为科学等相关领域的理论、知识,使驾驶行为模型变得更为实用、有效。