铅锌矿尾矿制备陶粒处理选矿废水

以铅锌矿浮选尾矿为原料,水玻璃和木质素作为添加剂,通过高温焙烧,制备水处理陶粒,并用其对选矿废水进行了吸附处理实验研究。实验结果表明,在不添加任何添加剂的条件下,800℃左右烧制的陶粒对选矿废水的COD吸附效果较好,COD去除率达到87.1%;当木质素+水玻璃作为粘结剂烧制陶粒时,不仅陶粒散落减少,COD的去除率和吸附容量都有所增加,COD去除率达到了88.21%,从而达到了"以废治废"的目的。     

Health and Environmental Implications of Rural Female Entrepreneurship Practices in Osun State Nigeria

In rural Nigeria, food processing is mostly engaged in by women and children. Most of these processes are done using outdated technologies that make use of traditional woodstoves. This article presents the health and environmental implications of the rural female entrepreneurs involved in food processing and proffer means of bettering the lot of these women to handle these hazards. A partially structured questionnaire and focus group discussion was used to capture data from respondents. The study revealed that about 73 % of women involved in direct production of garri and palm oil processing could be at risk of early death or disability-adjusted life years from the mentioned diseases. The article concludes that the rural female entrepreneur needs to be better positioned to handle these hazards, for her health, that of her children, as well as for the environment.     

Fungi Associated with Degradation of Wastes from Rubber Processing Industry

A study of fungi associated with wastes from a rubber processing factory was carried out. Rubber processing wastes, natural rubber waste serum (NRWS) and washing effluents were obtained from Greenpark Rubber Industries Ltd, Umutu, Delta State, Nigeria. The NRWS was collected from seepage from starks of coagulated rubber in the factory and effluents were collected from the four tanks used for washing the coagulated rubber. Three fungal species, Mucor racemous, Mucor sp. and Aspergilus niger, were isolated from the NRWS. From the effluents collected from the four wash tanks, five fungal species were isolated. Mucor recemous, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus, sp. and Rhizopus sp. Of all the species isolated, the Mucor species were found capable of utilizing NRWS as a growth substrate. Optimal growth of Mucor in NRWS was achieved at near-neutral pH of 7.1. It was also observed that as biomass of Mucor increased in NRWS, the BOD of NRWS decreased. Pollution strength of the wastes as determined by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids were found to be highest with NRWS (440 and 4520) and wash tank (A) (370 and 3520) respectively.     

两级沸石曝气生物滤池工艺特性研究

采用新的水处理工艺-两级沸石曝气生物滤池(TZBAF)处理生活污水,主要通过实验研究了ZBAF的技术特点.结果表明:CODcr平均进水浓度为245mg/L时,除碳段去除率为84.4%;NH3-N进水为42.9mg/L时,平均去除率达88%,满足中水回用标准.本工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性,C0D容积负荷小于10 kg/m3·d、氨氮小于1.5kg/m3·d时,浓度变化对去除率影响不大.主要问题是内部空隙率较低,曝气反冲洗较为困难,如何改善水力条件还有待进一步研究.     

农副食品加工业高浓度废水的厌氧膜生物反应器技术

农副食品加工业COD年排放量在41种行业废水中排名第2,污染减排刻不容缓.农副食品加工业废水COD浓度高达8 000~30 000 mg·L-1,目前主要采用厌氧-好氧组合工艺处理,存在工艺流程长、管理难和成本高等问题.厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR)由于高效的膜与厌氧微生物协同作用,具有COD去除率高(92%~99%),COD负荷率高[2.3~19.8 kg·(m3·d)-1]等工艺特征,同时排泥少(SRT>40 d),基建成本低(HRT为8~12 h).根据高浓度COD的不同构成,COD甲烷化的限速步骤可分为水解酸化限速型、产甲烷限速型.AnMBR的膜污染特征及其控制比好氧MBR更为复杂和困难,现有膜污染控制措施包括错流过滤、曝气冲洗和膜松弛等.针对我国农副食品加工业高浓度废水达标排放的技术需求,AnMBR主要研究方向为提高COD去除率、控制膜污染和提高能源回收率,从而实现短流程厌氧的出水一步达标.     

填料投加对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响

向单一活性污泥池内投加填料,分析了填料填充率对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响。结果显示,随着填料填充率的增加,系统的抗CODCr冲击能力有所增强,当填充率为30%时,进水CODCr平均值为832.7mg/L,相邻2天CODCr变化的平均值为779.6mg/L,即CODCr变化均值超过进水CODCr的94%,CODCr去除率仍稳定在80%以上。填料投加对NH4+-N的去除效果改善较大,当填充率为20%时,NH4+-N去除率较无填料投加提高近50%,达90%;当填充率为30%时,去除率可基本稳定在90%。在试验研究的填料填充率下,填料投加对TN的去除改善不大。另外试验还观察到,污泥膨胀期间填料挂膜速率有加快趋势。     

木材加工废水处理工程实例分析

针对某木材加工企业生产废水高COD、高氨氮、高色度、含甲醛等特点,采用“芬顿氧化+A/O+沉淀+气浮”组合工艺对原废水处理厂进行扩容提标改造。该工程设计处理规模为600 t/d,总投资为340万元,直接运行成本为4.83元/t。运行效果表明:采用芬顿氧化预处理洗胶废水可有效降解甲醛等高毒性的有机物,增设载体的A/O工艺可提高COD去除效果与抗冲击负荷能力,组合工艺出水COD<400 mg/L,氨氮<20 mg/L,TN<40 mg/L,TP<2 mg/L,甲醛<2 mg/L。     

气浮-A/O/SBR工艺在冷食加工废水处理中的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了气浮-A/O/SBR工艺在处理冷食加工废水处理工程中的实际应用。运行结果表明:该工艺运行稳定,处理效果好,COD去除率在90%以上,各项指标均优于GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级排放标准。     

毛皮加工清洁生产的白皮鞣制技术

研究了改性有机磷化合物在毛皮鞣制过程中的应用技术(白皮鞣制技术),替代了传统的甲醛或铬类鞣剂进行的毛皮加工生产,减少了毛皮产品及生产废液中有害物质的含量,达到了欧盟规定的技术要求,实现了环保型加工。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2膜光催化降解偏二甲肼的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/玻璃膜光催化剂，用于光催化氧化降解水中偏二甲肼，其降解反应为一级动力学反应。实验结果表明，与悬浮型TiO2相比，TiO2膜具有较高的催化活性，且不易脱落，可重复使用。涂覆6－8次得到的TiO2膜效果较好。