泰乐菌素的微生物降解途径及其降解产物研究

研究了越南伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia vietnamiensis)对泰乐菌素的降解能力,并通过对降解产物的分析,推测了泰乐菌素的微生物降解途径.在自主筛选驯化分离到1株泰乐菌素高效降解菌B.vietnamiensis的基础上,采用高效液相色谱法测定其在不同条件下降解泰乐菌素的能力,并利用制备液相色谱分离纯化降解产物,质谱鉴定其结构.实验结果表明:B.vietnamiensis能高度耐受并快速降解泰乐菌素,用B.vietnamiensis处理初始浓度为50、100、200、300、400或500 mg·L-1的泰乐菌素培养基7 d,泰乐菌素的降解率均达到99%以上.B.vietnamiensis降解泰乐菌素的可能途径是:泰乐菌素A首先脱去碳霉糖转化为泰乐菌素B,然后分子中内酯键和醛基再经水解和还原生成2个新的降解产物.研究结果为泰乐菌素微生物降解机制的研究以及在此基础上降解酶的确定提供有价值的技术参考.     

一株高效絮凝剂产生菌的分离鉴定与絮凝特性研究

采用富集培养及平板分离方法从成都某污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选出一株具有絮凝活性的菌株SNUX-1,经形态特征及16S rRNA鉴定该菌株为约氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii).对该菌株絮凝活性分布及在不同生长条件下所产絮凝剂的絮凝率进行了研究,并对其絮凝剂成分进行了分析.结果表明,该菌株所产微生物絮凝剂为胞外产物,显色剂显色结果表明,该絮凝剂不含蛋白质成分,含有糖类成分;在以蔗糖为碳源、培养基初始pH值为8、以氯化铜为助凝剂的条件下培养12 h,该菌株所产微生物絮凝剂的絮凝率最高,达96.71％,可作为治理环境污染的菌种资源.     

Disentangling technological innovations: a micro-econometric analysis of their determinants

On the basis of a unique firm-level dataset from the German manufacturing sector, this paper empirically examines the determinants of environmental and non-environmental product and process innovations. The micro-econometric analysis with multivariate probit models points to an extremely high relevance of R&D activities for all technological innovation types, as well as to the relevance of a few market pull factors. The estimation results additionally reveal the importance of organisational measures for environmental product and process innovations. In this regard, not only certified environmental management systems, but also specific process- and product-related environmental organisational measures and even general organisational measures, such as the certification of a quality management system according to ISO 9001, play a crucial role. The estimation results therefore suggest the encouragement of firm-internal R&D activities and organisational measures by (environmental) policy in order to stimulate environmental technological innovations, which are able to both limit the environmental burden and contribute to the technological modernisation of the economy.     

介质阻挡放电对氯苯的降解特性及其产物分析

鉴于生物法对难生物降解性、低水溶性的VOCs去除效果不佳,因此开发高效的前处理技术来提高生物法的净化能力已成为新的热点.本实验以生物可降解性差的氯苯为目标污染物,以介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(DBD)为生物法的前处理技术,通过调节DBD反应器的工艺参数,研究其对氯苯的降解效果,考察了进气浓度、停留时间、湿度、峰值电压等因素对去除率的影响,并对尾气进行初步分析.结果表明,DBD能有效去除氯苯废气,氯苯去除率随峰值电压的升高而增大;当电压≥12k V时,停留时间对氯苯的降解影响较小;65%~75%为氯苯降解的最佳湿度范围.通过产物分析,发现产物的种类和浓度随着放电电压的升高而增多增大,主要是以有机酸类和氯代烃为主.产物的水溶性较好;可生化性随着电压升高而增强;随电压升高,小球藻受到的生长抑制作用越来越小,当电压达到20k V时,反而有促进作用.降解过程中产生的O3量随着电压的升高而增多,并且在同一电压下臭氧产生量随着湿度的增大而增多.     

固体废物对城市生态环境的影响研究

针对在推进城市化中发挥生态环境优势的探讨,文中介绍了中国固体废物的现状,包括固体废弃物的定义及分类和固体废弃物的危害特性,探讨了新型城市废弃物的产生和发展趋势,探讨了在中国城市废弃物对大气和水体的污染,最后提出了中国新型城市化建设与保护生态环境的建议,要积极加快固体废弃物资源化处理、要积极加快气体、液体有害物收集及回用、要积极重视建筑节能与新能源开发利用和要积极利用城市废弃物,使城市生活废弃物得到有效利用。     

“城市矿产”示范基地——我国再生资源产业化的发展方向

以前三批29个国家＂城市矿产＂示范基地为研究对象,对示范基地的回收利用规模、重点项目覆盖范围、示范基地类型做了概括性梳理,总结了示范基地建设的成功经验,分析了妨碍示范基地健康发展的问题,并提出一些预测性意见,供行业同仁参考。     

污泥水热液化水相产物中氮元素变化规律的研究

亚临界水直接液化是实现污泥资源化的一种潜在手段.针对污泥亚临界水热液化水相产物中氮元素的变化规律进行了系统地研究.结果表明,在研究的反应温度和反应时间范围内,水相产物中总氮的质量浓度ρ(TN)在2 867.62~4 171.30mg·L-1之间变化,氮的主要存在形态为氨氮(NH+4-N)和有机氮(Org-N),其中NH+4-N占54.6%~90.7%,Org-N占7.4%~44.5%,ρ(NO-3-N)远远低于ρ(NH+4-N)及ρ(Org-N).反应温度是影响氮元素含量的重要因素,相同反应时间下ρ(TN)和ρ(Org-N)随反应温度的升高而降低.随反应时间的延长,ρ(TN)和ρ(Org-N)逐渐增加,而ρ(NH+4-N)则呈现出先增加,后平稳,再些许减少的趋势.     

酵母生物转化生产2-苯乙醇的研究进展

主要论述了利用酵母菌生物转化合成天然2苯乙醇的研究进展,从应用微生物学的角度介绍了2苯乙醇生产菌株的筛选,分析了2苯乙醇合成过程中几方面因素的影响和培养条件的选择,并对产物原位转移技术作了简要说明.并从分子生物学的角度出发,对生物转化的重点途径———艾利希途径在基因水平上作了诠释,且例举了利用从头合成途径进行的基因工程育种,旨在为利用微生物生产2苯乙醇的研究开发提供参考.图1参40     

Patterns of Citations of Open Access and Non‐Open Access Conservation Biology Journal Papers and Book Chapters

Abstract: Open access (OA) publishing, whereby authors, their institutions, or their granting bodies pay or provide a repository through which peer‐reviewed work is available online for free, is championed as a model to increase the number of citations per paper and disseminate results widely, especially to researchers in developing countries. We compared the number of citations of OA and non‐OA papers in six journals and four books published since 2000 to test whether OA increases number of citations overall and increases citations made by authors in developing countries. After controlling for type of paper (e.g., review or research paper), length of paper, authors’ citation profiles, number of authors per paper, and whether the author or the publisher released the paper in OA, OA had no statistically significant influence on the overall number of citations per journal paper. Journal papers were cited more frequently if the authors had published highly cited papers previously, were members of large teams of authors, or published relatively long papers, but papers were not cited more frequently if they were published in an OA source. Nevertheless, author‐archived OA book chapters accrued up to eight times more citations than chapters in the same book that were not available through OA, perhaps because there is no online abstracting service for book chapters. There was also little evidence that journal papers or book chapters published in OA received more citations from authors in developing countries relative to those journal papers or book chapters not published in OA. For scholarly publications in conservation biology, only book chapters had an OA citation advantage, and OA did not increase the number of citations papers or chapters received from authors in developing countries.     

开化县外向型创汇林业的战略模式

我国森林资源少,消耗量大,林业建设资金短缺。如何发展当前的林业生产、筹集林业建设资金,开化县的外向型创汇林业为我们走出了一条具有中国特色的外向型林业建设道路。本文就开化县发展外向型创汇林业的优点、出口创汇的主要对策、主要商品、发展潜力及其前景进行了论述,对目前正在探索适合我国国情的、解决我国林业“两危”的战略对策提供了现实的典型范例。