低山丘陵区铁路建设工程弃渣场水土保持措施设计

弃渣场作为铁路建设项目水土流失最为严重的部分,其防护应提到首要位置。针对低山丘陵区铁路建设涉及的凹地型、坡地型、沟道型弃渣场,从弃渣场选址原则、不同类型的弃渣场比较、防护措施设计进行分析和阐述,构建完整的水土流失防治体系,为同类型铁路建设项目弃渣场防护措施设计提供参考。     

基于消防规划的东京防火对策与启示

为推动中国城市火灾防范能力提升,通过介绍日本东京借助消防规划手段进行防火救火的先进经验,并对其防火生活圈、防火绿化带、紧急通道网络、不易燃烧化项目、防灾体制与计划等防火对策经验进行阐述,同时基于这些方面内容的阐述发现我国城市火灾防范领域尚存在很大空间。基于这些分析和阐述,最后指出东京防火经验对中国的可借鉴之处,并为中国的消防规划防火之路提供一个参考方向。     

A comparative analysis of safety management and safety performance in twelve construction projects

IntroductionSafety management in construction is complicated due to the complex “nature” of the construction industry. The aim of this research was to identify safety management factors (e.g., risk management and site management), contextual factors (e.g., organisational complexity) and combinations of such factors connected to safety performance. Method: Twelve construction projects were selected to compare their safety management and safety performance. An analytical framework was developed based on previous research, regulations, and standards where each management factor was defined. We employed qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to produce case knowledge, compare the cases, and identify connections between the factors and safety performance. The material collected and analyzed included, for example, construction planning documents, reports from OHS-inspections, safety indicators, and interviews with project leaders and OHS experts. Results and conclusions: The research showed that: (a) the average score on 12 safety management factors was higher among projects with high safety performance compared to projects with low safety performance; (b) high safety performance can be achieved with both high and low construction complexity and organizational complexity, but these factors complicate coordination of actors and operations; (c) it is possible to achieve high safety performance despite relatively poor performance on many safety management factors; (d) eight safety management factors were found to be “necessary” for high safety performance, namely roles and responsibilities, project management, OHS management and integration, safety climate, learning, site management, staff management, and operative risk management. Site management, operative risk management, and staff management were the three factors most strongly connected to safety performance. Practical implications: Construction stakeholders should understand that the ability to achieve high safety performance in construction projects is connected to key safety management factors, contextual factors, and combinations of such factors.     

工业项目地下水污染监测井布设方案的定量化研究

工业成品生产过程中各类装置所产生的污染源严重威胁着工业建设项目厂区及其周边地下水环境安全,对工业项目厂区及其周边地下水水质进行有效的监测则成为防控地下水污染风险的关键。以某石化项目为例,基于对研究区水文地质条件的剖析和概化,通过野外水文地质调查及现场试验获取水文地质参数,利用FEFLOW数值模拟软件建立研究区地下水三维非稳定渗流模型和溶质运移模型,分析预测设定工况下污染物随地下水的迁移规律,实现了地下水污染监测井布设方案在时间和空间尺度上的定量化分析,并提出了合理且有效的监控管理措施,可为工业项目地下水监测井的精细化布设提供参考。     

旧工业建筑改造工程安全监管博弈分析

通过构建博弈模型来研究旧工业建筑改造安全监管过程中政府监督管理部门和业主方的均衡战略,并分析修正后纳什均衡中的关键因素对博弈双方行为选择的影响。结果表明:增加业主方收益、减少监管成本、加大惩罚力度等可有效提高政府监督管理部门的监管效率,从而减少安全事故的发生,提高改造工程的质量。     

环境监理取费基价的测算方法研究

环境监理是“三同时”制度全过程管理的体现.统一的行业收费标准对环境监理行业的健康发展至关重要.完善的收费机制有利于企业间的公平竞争,先进技术的应用与发展,高端人才的引进.通过对比发展较成熟的工程监理取费机制,分析环境监理的工作内容,收集已实施案例数据.通过matlab技术对收集的取费数据进行拟合分析,得出环境监理取费函数,并检验函数偏差.得出以投资额为基数的环境监理基价取费建议表.     

浅析如何做好矿山选矿项目环评中地质现状调查工作

本文从目前矿山选矿项目环评中地质现状调查出现的误区及形成原因分析入手,依据环境影响评价技术导则——总纲对相关内容的要求,探讨了提高地质环境现状质量,正确开展调查研究工作的方法,并针对目前尾矿库地质现状调查失真失实引发可能存在环境风险,提出避免改进措施。     

工程造价有效控制的探讨

本文通过对不同阶段工程造价内容的分析，详细论述了有效控制工程造价的必要性以及进行工程造价控制的方法。     

中药提取废水的治理工程

以治理工程实例,介绍了以气浮+UBF+CASS为主体工艺处理高浓度中药提取废水的实际运行情况和工程治理效果。实践表明,采用本治理技术,能确保出水水质全面满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准,各污染物的去除均能达到90%~99%的水平。     

The importance of tangible and intangible factors in human–carnivore coexistence

Conflict with humans is one of the major threats facing the world's remaining large carnivore populations, and understanding human attitudes is key to improving coexistence. We surveyed people living near Hwange National Park about their attitudes toward coexisting with lions. We used ordinal regression models with the results of the survey to investigate the importance of a range of tangible and intangible factors on attitudes. The variables investigated included the costs and benefits of wildlife presence, emotion, culture, religion, vulnerability, risk perception, notions of responsibility, and personal value orientations. This was for the purpose of effectively tailoring conservation efforts but also for ethical policy making. Intangible factors (e.g., fear and ecocentric values) were as important as, if not more important than, tangible factors (such as livestock losses) for understanding attitudes, based on the effect sizes of these variables. The degree to which participants’ fear of lions interfered with their daily activities was the most influential variable. The degree to which benefits accrue to households from the nearby protected area was also highly influential, as was number of livestock lost, number of dependents, ecocentric value orientation, and participation in conflict mitigation programs. Contrary to what is often assumed, metrics of livestock loss did not dominate attitudes to coexistence with lions. Furthermore, we found that socioeconomic variables may appear important when studied in isolation, but their effect may disappear when controlling for variables related to beliefs, perceptions, and past experiences. This raises questions about the widespread reliance on socioeconomic variables in the field of human–wildlife conflict and coexistence. To facilitate coexistence with large carnivores, we recommend measures that reduce fear (through education and through protective measures that reduce the need to be fearful), reduction of livestock losses, and ensuring local communities benefit from conservation. Ecocentric values also emerged as influential, highlighting the need to develop conservation initiatives tailored to local values.