基于改进N-K模型的公共建筑火灾风险耦合研究

为了弥补传统N-K模型需要大量统计数据支撑才能应用的局限性,提出了一种改进N-K模型。该模型能在缺少统计数据的情况下,结合层次分析法将事故发生概率替代为风险因素的频度进行风险耦合度计算。将此方法应用于公共建筑火灾风险耦合的研究中,结果表明:耦合风险因素越多,风险值越大;耦合风险因素相同时,建筑因素比设备因素更易造成火灾事故,人员因素比管理因素更易造成火灾事故;主观因素耦合风险比客观因素耦合风险大。分析结果与近些年发生的公共建筑火灾事故比较,关键致因风险及耦合情况与实际总体状况一致,证明了改进N-K模型具有一定理论价值。     

政府环境报告基层实施:现状、问题及其对策

政府环境报告基层实施是利用县级人大与公众直接联系的"基层"优势加强对政府环境责任监督的有效手段。实践中,报告主体及对象级别各异,报告内容繁简不一,总体情况为越是基层贯彻实施政府环境报告的力度越弱,存在报告形式不明确、信息公开不到位、常态化监督机制和政府责任缺失等问题。因此,必须在认清立法目的的基础上合理运用法律解释明确报告的法律属性,规范报告内容、扩大公开范围,利用"基层"优势与公众加强联系,并在准确定位环保法的前提下构建人大监督的刚性约束。     

Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some extent.The article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various reasons in view of efficiency and fairness.An efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and fairness.At the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.     

Green procurement in the Asian public sector and the Hong Kong private sector

Since the 1980s, green purchasing/green procurement has increasingly been recognised as an effective means of addressing and reducing negative environmental impacts related to product production and consumption around the world. This paper reviews the procurement practices and policies of five Asian countries and Hong Kong, in the context of an international overview of green purchasing and practices. The extent of government involvement in green procurement is found to directly determine its overall effectiveness, and up-to-date information resources clearly enhance delivery and performance. A case study in Hong Kong demonstrates how public leadership on green procurement has advanced green procurement in the private sector.     

政府支持垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益分析

阐述了垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益性质,政府支持垃圾焚烧发电是增进公共利益的必然要求,政府应构建支持垃圾焚烧发电常态机制,整合与垃圾焚烧发电相关各方力量,制定科学合理的正负激励政策,以期相关各方为垃圾焚烧发电的贡献最大化,有效增进公共利益。     

The impact of visual information on perceptions of water resource problems and management alternatives

To assess changes in human understanding and decision making, the paper examines (1) the influence of visual information on perceptions about groundwater management in Phoenix, Arizona and (2) the correlates and dimensions underlying people's views about water scarcity and mitigation strategies. While perceptions entrenched in ideologies are difficult to change, different types of information (three-dimensional versus two-dimensional) have distinct impacts on the perceived magnitude of problems compared to judgements about their causes and solutions. Overall, visual information may be especially useful for developing a shared understanding of problems and a collective vision for management alternatives. Additional implications of this study for fostering environmental awareness, policy support, and collaborative decision making are also discussed.     

公众参与综合支持指数在环境影响评价中的应用

公众参与是环境影响评价工作中的内容之一。公众参与提出的建议和意见可作为环境规划管理决策的重要依据,应积极落实公众参与在环境规划管理决策的权力。采用公众参与综合支持指数研究公众对开发建设项目的支持程度,将公众参与分为强烈支持、比较支持、一般支持和反对4个等级。实例应用表明,公众参与综合支持指数计算结果与环境管理决策基本一致,公众参与综合支持指数可作为一种定量方法,为环境影响评价、环境规划管理提供决策支持。     

Developments in the Framing of Climate Change as a Public Health Issue in US Newspapers

News media are major channels for the transmission of information to the public and deliver news about the latest developments regarding health issues such as climate change. How the media frame such information may enhance public understanding and enable appropriate responses by individuals and communities. This study follows up on previous research examining media portrayals of climate change in US newspapers from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2008. Here, we content analyze 270 news stories on climate change as a public health issue from five US newspapers between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012. Findings indicate that the total number of articles about climate change declined while emphasis on the public health dimension of climate change increased. The types of generic news frames (i.e., dramatic/substantive) most frequently used did not considerably change across the two time periods, however. To explain this, we discuss ways in which people may assess and spark change in news framing of public issues to better reach and influence a range of audiences.     

可持续发展研究的3个关键课题与中国转型发展

从数量扩张的增长模式转向质量提升的发展模式,是中国未来30年转型发展的核心问题.本文介绍了20世纪90年代以来可持续发展在3个关键课题上的研究进展.在经济增长与社会富祉的关系上,指出经济增长对于社会富祉的贡献存在着门槛,跨过这个门槛经济增长对福利贡献的边际效用开始递减;在经济增长与资源环境的关系上,指出经济增长没有导致资源环境消耗的倒U型曲线,在自然资本存在限制的情况下无限的经济增长是不可能的;在政府支出与民生发展的关系上,指出公共支出增大并不必然导致社会福利的提高,而公共支出的结构与方式对民生发展却是极其重要的.在对每个问题分析事实依据、原因解释、政策意义的基础上,针对中国转型发展提出了一些具有长期意义的理论思考与政策思考.     

高校会计制度与公共财政体制改革衔接性研究

2009年,财政部拟定了新《高等学校会计制励（征求意见稿）,要求核算能提供预算管理需要的预算收支信息,增加了与公共财政改革相关的会计核算内容,但高校会计制度（征求意见稿）与公共财政体制依然存在着衔接不当问题。从公共财政体制改革对高校会计的影响出发,解读了高校会计制度（征求意见稿）与财政改革的衔接性,分析了高校会计实务中存在的与公共财政改革不协调的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。