Renewable Resources and the Idea of Nature – What Has Biotechnology Got to Do With It?

The notion that the idea of nature isnot quite the unbiased rule to designsustainable futures is obvious. But,nevertheless, questions about nature, how itfunctions and what it might aim at, is leadingthe controversial debates about bothsustainability and biotechnology. These tworesearch areas hardly have the same theorybackground. Whereas in the first concept, theidea of eternal cyclical processes is basic,the latter focuses on optimization. However,both concepts can work together, but only undera narrow range of public acceptance in Europe.The plausibility of arguments for usingbiotechnology within sustainable technologiesvaries according to the assumed part natureitself plays for reaching optimized states. Theculture related vision of nature's functionshas impact on agricultural biotechnology,dealing not only with food crops but also withnon-food plants like renewable resources thatare used for energy or fiber production. Theseplants are grown to reach sustainabledevelopment. However, there is a fundamentaldifference between regarding biofuels as``renewable' and ``regenerative,' due to thetension between the concepts of ``the natural'and ``the sustainable.' Arguments ofoptimization, efficiency, and efficacy arecritically discussed in order to take thepresent need for sustainable technologies forserious.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收中公众参与的有效性分析

对公众参与在建设项目竣工环境保护验收中的作用、特点作了简单介绍,对影响公众参与有效性的因素作了初步分析,结合实际工作中的经验,对提高建设项目竣工环境保护验收中公众参与有效性因素进行了分析,对存在的问题提出了建议和意见。     

IDENTIFICATION OF TRAINING NEEDS FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION RESPONSIBILITIES1

ABSTRACT: The research project reported here surveyed planners in Coastal Zone Management and “208” programs in New England to determine the nature of their educational and experiential preparation for carrying out public participation functions, and to identify the planners’ own perceptions of the relative importance of those functions and their adequacy for performing them. Criteria for effective programming were developed and used as a standard for comparing various backgrounds with capability for performing necessary tasks. The research indicates that prior planning experience is more directly related to perceived adequacy than either academic or other experiential backgrounds. The survey also revealed a predominant emphasis on activities involving direct public conduct, e.g., organizing citizen advisory groups and conducting public meetings. The results of the analysis were used to make recommendations for curriculum topics that should be incorporated into the training of professional planners so that they will be better prepared to undertake public participation responsibilities. Those recommendations stress preparation for direct public contact, but also for training in other means of public involvement, such as media contact, that are not now being carried out with comparable emphasis or effectiveness.     

ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS FOR STATE SCENIC RIVER SYSTEM FORMULATION1

ABSTRACT: Efforts to protect free flowing streams of state significance have met with limited success. Some states established large numbers of “instant” scenic rivers through legislation, then have worked out procedures to add new streams. Other have inadequate current funding and staff to implement the law. The chief barriers to growth of the systems are:

• lack of program staffing and funding and support in some states,
• slowness of the study and planning process,
• landowner uncertainties about the effects on their property and rights, and
• legal complexities.

There are few difficulties experienced in evaluation criteria, but a lack of objective rating systems may cause future problems. The state systems which have grown require careful planning, thorough communications with landowners, flexible land use control programs, and systematic education of community leaders about the values and operation of the program. State systems now protect about four times the river mileage of the federal wild and scenic rivers program. This gap is likely to widen even more, if state programs can achieve their growth potential. No state appears to be yet near to achieving the full purpose of the policy makers who designed and instituted the scenic rivers programs.     

建立公众参与环境影响评价制度

环境评价过程中实施公众参与可提高环境评价的有效性，还可使环境影响评价制定的环境保护措施更具合理性、实用性和可操作性，同时，也体现了环境影响评价工作和对有关部门对公众利益和权利的尊重，并在公众参与的活动中提高公众的环境意识。目前，我国环境影响评价工作中公众参与虽然一直在进行研究，并不断实践着，但对于具体操作却没有详细规定，使得公众参与在实践中存在一定的局限性，因此，有效实施公众参与，建立完善的公众参与环境影响评价制度有着极为重要的理论和现实意义。     

小城镇废品回收利用的制约因素分析——关于黑龙江省密山市裴德镇的调查

目前小城镇日常生活中可回收利用的废品主要是通过废品回收部门流向废品再利用工厂.废品回收部门主要依赖于废品再利用工厂生存.规模较大的个人废品收购商对专业化废品收购商的冲击以及废品再利用工厂的收购价格低、技术水平低、有限的收购种类和二次污染严重等已成为废品向资源化产品转化的制约因素.完善废品回收利用渠道和加强政府的支持力度对于促进废品类物质的资源化具有重要意义.     

淮河／太湖流域水污染防治的公众参与机制研究

针对准渺太湖流域水污染防治的公众参与问题，在淮河/太湖流域选择有代表性的44个市（县）开展了淮河／太湖流域水污染防治公众意见调查。通过对调查资料的整理分析，得出结果：对于淮河／太湖流域水污染防治工作公众认知度和参与度相对较低，缺乏有效的公众参与机制，在一定程度上影响了水污染防治工作的有效落实。因此在今后的防治工作中要进一步加强公众参与机制的建立，实现人人参与环境保护和管理的局面。     

浅谈LPG球罐开罐检验的安全管理

本文全面阐述了LPG球罐开罐检验工作的安全，强调在开罐检验步骤中始终将安全掺入到其中，安全管理要实行“四全”（全员，全过程，全方位，全天候），同时提出对于外来施工队伍的管理，各类施工作业的管理，现场直接作业的管理，安全措施的落实等，要突出重点，实行精细管理的管理思路。     

浅析环境影响评价中的"公众参与"

当前,我国建设项目EIA中的公众参与存在缺少具体法律规定、信息交流主体及其关系不明、沟通形式单一、时段"滞后"、结果缺乏公开性等问题.为此,应明确其法律地位建立完善机制和加强宣传教育.     

中国实施环境管理创新的机遇与挑战

日趋尖锐的能源危机及越来越多的国际间的贸易摩擦,一方面对中国的经济发展形成严峻的挑战,另一方面也激发了企业改进生产工艺、发展绿色生产的积极性,为中国的环境管理工作提出了新的机遇和挑战.目前,中国的环境管理事业还存在立法不足、资金短缺及地方保护主义等问题,由此环境管理力度必须要进一步加强.强化政府职能、鼓励公众参与、增加财政补贴及推进ISO14000体系的建立等是目前中国较为可行的办法.