论我国环保产业发展对策的体系建设

针对我国环保产业存在的问题,提出从宏观层次上,政府是环保产业的最初牵引力量和实施保证主体;从微观层次上,企业是环保产业最终策动力和执行主体;产品的消费者,即公众是环保产业最终影响力和舆论主体。只有宏观层次和微观层次紧密地结合起来,形成互动作用,才有可能有效地促进环保产业的发展。     

加强安全管理 提高安全生产水平

搞好安全生产 ,防止事故 ,必须从加强企业的安全管理入手。本文提出采用有效的安全管理方法 ,建立和实施职业安全卫生管理体系标准 ,健全各项安全管理制度并狠抓落实 ,使企业逐步走向安全管理标准化     

Herbicide Resistant Sugar Beet – What Is the Problem?

Risk assessment studies of herbicide resistant sugarbeet have revealed no risks to human health or the environment.Indeed it appears that commercial growth of this crop mightsecure benefits such as decreased pesticide use and increasedbiodiversity. However, widespread resistance to GM crops such asherbicide resistant sugar beet still persists in Europe. It isargued that this is not just because people do not know therelevant facts. Rather it is because popular resistance to GMfood is driven in part by concerns other than the fear ofnarrowly defined risks to health and the environment. These otherconcerns include an aversion to commercial monopoly and anegative view of pesticide use in general. Herbicide resistantsugar beet may also be perceived as a ``Trojan horse,' i.e., acrop whose licensing would create a precedent and make it morelikely that other, less environmentally friendly, crops will beapproved within the current strictly technical and science-basedrisk assessment procedures. To meet these public concerns, a kindof technology assessment reflecting factors such as benefits andconsumer choice is called for.     

Taking Consumers Seriously: Two Concepts of Consumer Sovereignty

Governments, producers, and international free tradeorganizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) areincreasingly confronted with consumers who not only buy (or don'tbuy) goods, but also demand that those goods are producedconforming to certain ethical (often diverse) standards. Not onlysafety and health belong to these ethical ideals, but animalwelfare, environmental concerns, labor circumstances, and fairtrade. However, this phantom haunts the dusty world of social andpolitical philosophy as well. The new concept ``consumersovereignty' bypasses the conceptual dichotomy of consumer andcitizen.According to the narrow liberal response to this newconstellation, with respect to food one should conceptualizeconsumer sovereignty as the right of the individual consumer toget information on food products and to make his or her ownchoice on the market of food products. In this conception, thereis a very strong emphasis on rules and principles with respect tothe autonomy of individuals.I argue that these narrow liberal concepts are not sufficient forappropriate public policy-making in democratic societies, andthat they only enable us to identify problems; they do not helpnon-experts (and experts, if it comes to that, as well) inweighing the different ethical claims. Besides, not onlyprinciples play a role in the outcome, but all kinds of ideals aswell, like roles, values, and norms. My principal argument isthat analysis or justification of norms or principles is notsufficient to get a synthesis or construction of ethicalsolutions: we need some value orientation to guide us inbalancing the different ethical claims by solving an ethicalproblem. Moreover, this balancing is something that requiressocial space and social time, i.e., public debates. With theconcept of public debates a whole new dimension enters ethicalanalysis, because the attention of ethicists shifts toformulating criteria of successful and rational public debates.However, in the broad liberal view these concepts aresupplemented with values, preferences, practices of care, andinvolvement. I argue firstly for a broadened perspective on foodas an integral part of life styles and not only as something thatpresents risks. That is the reason that food gets such intensiveattention from the public, which is summarized in the concept ofconsumer concerns. Secondly, I defend the argument that not only(rational) public debates, but intensive commitments of bothproducers and consumers in every link of the chain in so calledcare practices or consumer councils can enhance confidence in thefood production system and the way we extract our daily intakefrom nature.     

环境信息公开及在中国的实践

环境信息公开是一种新的环境管理制度，对于提高环境决策的质量和执行，控制污染有着一定的作用。我国已在政府环境信息公开、企业环境信息公开和其它形式环境信息公开进行了一些探索和实践。在实践中，我国存在着环境信息公开法规体系不完善、公开的环境信息不准确、企业及产品的环境信息公开不充分等问题，应在健全环境信息公开的法规体系、加大企业环境信息公开力度、建设公共环境信息系统等方面做进一步的工作。     

影响农村公众环保参与程度的主要因子辨析

公众参与是环境保护工作的基础,通过环保公众参与可以弥补政府和市场在环境保护中的不足,减少农业环境管理的费用。为了探讨影响农村公众参与的主要因子,为提高农村公众参与水平提供政策依据,用问卷的形式对无锡市大浦镇550人进行调查。问卷设计8个项目,共计24个问题,收集了农村公众环境意识和公众参与情况的相关数据。对调查结果运用逐步多元回归分析的方法进行统计分析,提取了5个影响农村公众参与最为显著的因子,根据偏回归系数的大小,依次为环保知识水平、环保关注程度、文化程度、环保法律意识、污染感受程度建立了逐步回归方程,根据回归分析结果和大浦镇实际情况,提出把提高大浦镇居民环保知识水平、环保关注程度、环保法律意识以及加强公众对污染的感受程度作为近期提高公众参与水平的快速、有效的方法,为解决该镇农业非点源污染提供了参考。〖     

鄱阳湖流域环境治理的公共政策分析

随着江西省工业化进程的加快,鄱阳湖流域正承受着日益严重环境污染和生态破坏.然而,工业化是江西省实现经济腾飞的必然选择,可以预计,鄱阳湖流域必将面临沉重的环境压力.本文基于公共政策分析的视角,探讨了实现鄱阳湖流域环境良治的政策选择与条件支撑.     

SOCIAL FEASIBILITY AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO WATER RESOURCE PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: Research suggests that conflict over public participation in water resource planning is due, in part, to confusion over the nature of the policies involved. This article examines the roadblocks to citizen involvement in water resource planning in terms of two policy models: (1) the Social Feasibility Model and (2) the Political Feasibility Model. Each model posits a different role for public participation. Although the Political Feasibility Model has been widely accepted in water resource planning, changes in the nature of the policies involved in water resource management have weakened its appropriateness. Currently, social and redistributive policies involving value conflicts often dominate water planning and these policies are best chosen through the Social Feasibility Model. The article discusses the nature of the social feasibility model, the new types of policy decisions facing water resource managers, and how the social feasibility model can help overcome the roadblocks to increased public participation in water resource policy making.     

POLICY RELEVANT INFORMATION AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES: IS PUBLIC IGNORANCE A BARRIER TO NONPOINT POLLUTION MANAGEMENT?1

ABSTRACT: This study examines the extent to which knowledge deficits pose a significant barrier to public support for nonpoint pollution management strategies. Such barriers would obtain if all of the following conditions are present: (1) many in the public lack knowledge relevant to those strategies; (2) variations in knowledge are linked only to relatively unchanging personal attributes; and (3) individuals with more knowledge are more likely to support the implementation of management strategies. Each of these conditions is subjected to empirical analysis in this study. The findings reported here derive from a survey of citizens in Spokane, Washington, the site of a major 208 Water Quality Management Program study. The results of the survey indicate that: portions of the public have enough knowledge to evaluate technically based management strategies; sources of public knowledge are sufficiently elastic that both policy area concern and policy relevant knowledge can be elevated in the short run; and both knowledge levels and general attitudes are related to the public's specific water policy preferences. The study concludes that the apparent lack of knowledge among the public is not necessarily a significant barrier to policy implementation, and that support for implementation may be generated through both knowledge enhancement and the tapping of existing political orientations through the placement of emphasis upon the seriousness of water resource problems.