基于CFD的滤袋内侧磨损失效过程分析

针对某燃煤热电厂袋式除尘器滤袋破损和多次换袋检修失效现象,采用气固两相流数值模拟方法,对清灰气流含尘浓度过高导致滤袋破损失效的演变过程进行了分析,并结合现场调研和破损滤袋检测结果,明确了产生此类故障的原因。结果表明：喷吹总气量的22%为诱导气流,袋口上方的诱导气流速度接近7 m·s⁻¹,上箱体内悬浮颗粒甚至袋口周边沉积的粉尘将在清灰气流的诱导作用下进入滤袋,并逐渐积累;袋内灰柱表面的粉尘受清灰气流扰动在沉积层上方反复磨损滤袋内侧净气面,磨损位置与积灰高度相关,均位于积灰表面上方50 mm范围内。模拟分析结果与检测结果一致,上箱体花板和滤袋内部长期积灰是导致滤袋破损失效的根本原因。根据上述研究结果提出了有针对性的维修方案并经现场实施后,袋式除尘器运行2年时间内再未发生滤袋破损失效现象,且烟气净化系统出口颗粒物排放浓度低于当地环保排放限值10 mg·m⁻³。本研究结果可为判断滤袋健康状况及导致滤袋破损失效的直接原因提供参考。     

钙基半干法燃煤烟气脱硫技术的影响因素

半干法烟气脱硫技术因具有耗水量少、产物易处理等特点而备受关注。基于固定床反应器研究了反应温度、脱硫剂Ca(OH)₂颗粒粒径、反应空速及烟气中水蒸气体积分数对Ca(OH)₂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,Ca(OH)₂颗粒粒径的减小、反应空速的降低、烟气中水蒸气体积分数的提高及低反应温度等因素,有利于SO₂的脱除、Ca(OH)₂利用率的提高及Ca/S的降低。当Ca(OH)₂颗粒的平均粒径为0.58 mm、反应空速为2 500 h⁻¹、模拟烟气中水蒸气体积分数为12%、反应温度为55 ℃时,可获得最佳脱硫效果。在SO₂穿透浓度35 mg·Nm⁻³下,Ca(OH)₂的利用率可达到71.3%,此时Ca/S为1.4。在上述条件下,SO₂达到穿透浓度时,通过实施脉冲增湿可使穿透时间延长、Ca(OH)₂利用率进一步提升至75.7%。本研究结果可为半干法脱硫工艺的改进提供参考。     

运用BDD电极优化废水中氨氮的直接电化学检测方法

针对高氨氮条件下离子选择电极稳定性差的问题,筛选了3种市售硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)电极,以探究直接电化学检测氨氮的可行性。采用极化曲线法测试了3种BDD电极的析氧、析氢和析氯电位,以获得最佳电势窗口。采用循环伏安法研究了氨氮在3种BDD电极上的氧化还原行为,在1.6 V处发现了明显的氨氮氧化峰,可为氨氮直接检测提供定性依据。通过控制变量法优化了方波伏安法(SWV)和差分脉冲伏安法两种扫描方式的测试参数。结果表明,SWV响应电流更高。最佳测试参数为：方波频率10 Hz,阶跃电位2 mV,脉冲幅度50 mV。在最佳条件下,当氨氮浓度为1~18 mmol·L⁻¹时,发现两段线性范围,最低检测限为0.283 mmol·L⁻¹。本研究所建立的测试方法响应时间短、线性范围宽、稳定性强,并成功应用于垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的测定。     

脉冲通风法治理“U”型工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚的理论及技术探讨

针对生产现场出现的“U”型采煤工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚问题 ,科学地分析了其形成的原因及目前解决上隅角瓦斯积聚的常用方法 ,提出了旋转脉冲法解决此问题的新途径 ,并进行了详细的理论分析。通过现场实验 ,验证了用旋转脉冲法解决上隅角瓦斯积聚是有效的、可行的。     

大型脉冲袋式除尘器的自动控制

对大型脉冲袋式除尘器自动控制的有关问题作了研讨。研制成功了以中型可编程控制器为主机的“BMC-V型大型脉冲袋式除尘器电脑控制系统”,实际运行效果良好。     

水解-交替脉冲曝气工艺处理城市污水研究

采用淹没式膜法水解-交替脉冲曝气系统对城市污水的处理效能进行研究,讨论了装置进水COD浓度变化对生活污水处理效果的影响、处理工艺沿程COD、NH3-N浓度变化状况、NH3-N的去除、水解对COD去除效果的影响以及进水COD/N比与反硝化的关系。研究表明,该系统能有效地去除COD和NH3-N。进水COD在450mg/L以下时,出水COD基本维持在60mg/L以下;进水NH3-N<50mg/L时,出水NH3-N<10mg/L。     

超声脉冲压缩法检测混凝土损伤的研究

为提高混凝土超声检测的信号噪声比,提高测量精度,研究脉冲压缩调频超声发射的方法。该方法发射具有包络的线性调频超声脉冲,在不提高发射声压的情况下增加了发射能量,可提高超声检测的有效作用距离和测量精度,提高信噪比。笔者给出脉冲压缩和解压的基本原理,设计了脉冲解压缩电路;经实验检测结果表明,脉冲压缩超声检测能在没有降低测量距离的情况下,明显提高检测的精度,检测到常规检测中不能发现的缺陷。     

Evaluation of large-scale CO2 storage on fresh-water sections of aquifers: An example from the Texas Gulf Coast Basin

Large-scale injections of CO₂ into subsurface saline aquifers have been proposed to remediate climate change related to buildup of green house gases in the atmosphere. The pressure buildup caused by such injections may impact a volume of the basin significantly larger than the CO₂ plume itself. In areas with hydrological settings similar to the Gulf Coast Basin, the perturbation of the flow-field in deep parts of the basin could result in brines or brackish water being pushed up-dip into unconfined sections of the same formations or into the capture zone of fresh-water wells. The premise of the current study is that the details of multiple-phase flow processes necessary to model the near field evolution of the CO₂ plume are not necessary to describe the impact of the pressure anomaly on up-dip aquifers. This paper quantitatively explores conditions under which shallow groundwater would be impacted by up-dip displacement of brines, utilizing an existing carefully calibrated flow model. Modeling an injection of water, arguably equivalent to 50 million tons of CO₂/year for 50 years resulted in an average water-table rise of 1 m, with minor increase in stream baseflow and larger increase in ground water evapotranspiration, but no significant change in salinity.     

Ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim in water and orange juice using a carbon paste electrode

A carbon paste electrode was used for the electrochemical quantification of carbendazim in water and orange juice samples. Carbendazim oxidation on the electrode surface was found to be controlled by adsorption. The novel electrochemical procedure for carbendazim quantification employed differential pulse voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode under optimal conditions. Carbendazim oxidation currents were linear at concentrations of 2.84 to 45.44 µg L^?1, with a limit of detection of 0.96 µg L^?1. The proposed method was applied to carbendazim quantification in ultrapurified water, river water, and orange juice. Recovery rates in water and orange juice samples were in the 97%–101% range, indicating that the method can be employed to determine carbendazim in these matrices, with advantages including shorter analysis time and lower cost than routine methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The electrode showed good reproducibility, remarkable stability, and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing. The recovery rates observed were highly concordant with those obtained for high-performance liquid chromatography, having a relative standard deviation of less than 1.3%.     

废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件拆卸新工艺及其机理

为了明确利用热空气模拟工业余热作为热源和脉动喷吹动力源拆卸废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的拆卸机制,分析了废弃印刷电路板脉动喷吹性质,设计并建立了废弃印刷电路板拆卸实验室小试系统,利用Fluent数值模拟软件对拆卸过程中废弃印刷电路板自动拆卸设备内部温度场进行了详细考察,在此基础上,对实验结果进行验证。结果表明,短重边最佳喷吹条件(0.14 MPa,10 mm)下,振动角度为75°;短轻边最佳喷吹条件(0.12 MPa,10 mm)下,振动角度为76°;下进气条件(温度场更均匀,焊料面平均受热温度为198.81℃)更利于废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的拆卸;采用下进气方式、当预热温度120℃、通气温度为260℃、设备内部达195℃继续通气(拆卸时间)1 min、短重边脉动喷吹压力0.14 MPa、短重边喷吹距离10 mm、短轻边脉动喷吹压力0.12 MPa、短轻边喷吹距离10 mm时,元器件拆卸率为95.1%,且元器件外观完好。本研究明确了废弃印刷电路板拆卸过程中的受热与受力机制,实现了废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的高效拆卸,为此工艺大规模、工业化生产的实现奠定了理论基础。