用于环境适应性验证的高加速应力试验

对于一些高健壮水平的信息化电子设备,由于产品环境裕度很大,采用常规环境模拟试验技术很难验证出产品的环境适应性水平,也无法知道产品的环境健壮裕度。基于此,提出了一种高效率的用于环境适应性验证的加速应力试验技术,将当前环境适应性试验＂通过或不通过＂的符合性验证现状,发展到装备环境适应性水平的定量评估层次,来验证产品的环境裕度。从用于环境适应性验证的加速应力试验的理论出发,阐述加速应力试验的依据、前提、应力种类、方案设计等几方面内容,力争为改变我国在装备研制中根据标准和规范确定产品环境试验项目、试验条件的被动状态提供一点解决思路。     

自然环境试验信息及其应用

介绍自然环境试验信息的概念和内涵，对其特点，组成和结构进行分析和划分；用简图表示其组成和结构，对所分各类信息的功能，用途，来源以及采集和应用要求进行说明。用实例介绍其应用。     

船用电子通信产品的检测技术分析

船舶电子通信设备是船舶的重要设备,近年来我国的船舶电子通信产品越来越多。主要从产品分类、标准体系、检测规范这几个方面分析现有的船用电子通信产品的检测配套技术需求。     

OPTIMIZATION OF INTERMITTENT PUMPING SCHEDULES FOR AQUIFER REMEDIATION USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM1

ABSTRACT: Using a genetic algorithm (GA), optimal intermittent pumping schedules were established to simulate pump‐and‐treat remediation of a contaminated aquifer with known hydraulic limitations and a water miscible contaminant, located within the Duke Forest in Durham, North Carolina. The objectives of the optimization model were to minimize total costs, minimize health risks, and maximize the amount of contaminant removed from the aquifer. Stochastic ground water and contaminant transport models were required to provide estimates of contaminant concentrations at pumping wells. Optimization model simulations defined a tradeoff curve between the pumping cost and the amount of contaminant extracted from the aquifer. For this specific aquifer/miscible contaminant combination, the model simulations indicated that pump‐and‐treat remediation using intermittent pumping schedules for each pumping well produced significant reductions in predicted contaminant concentrations and associated health risks at a reasonable cost, after a remediation time of two years.     

Testing biodegradability with standardized methods

Laboratory test methods are used by industry laboratories to determine biodegradability, an important parameter for the evaluation of the ecological behaviour of substances. Biodegradability has a key role due to the simple fact that a degradable substance will cause no long term risk in the environment. The great variety of biodegradation processes in the natural environment and in technical plants for treating waste water and solid wastes gave rise to a rather large number of test methods based on different test principles. To guarantee the acceptance of the test results by authorities and customers internationally standardized methods (ISO, OECD) and established quality criteria (GLP, EN 45000, ISO 9000) are used.     

用Ames试验检测水源水和自来水中的遗传毒性

用微伤寒沙门氏菌／哺乳动物微粒体酶系的Ａｍａｅｓ试验,研究了不同季节物水源水及管网自来水中的遗传毒性,以ＸＡＤ２树脂为吸附剂,以丙酮－甲醇的混合液为洗脱液,浓率水样中的有机物,并对部分阳性水样进行有机成分的定性分析。结果发现：１３个水样中有７个样品在淡需要代谢活化系统Ｓ９的情况下,可诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌碱基移码型菌株的回复突变;不同水样在不同季节不同的诱导作用;同时通过ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法分析,发现阳性水     

阿拉木图、乌鲁木齐和伊宁一月份降水对比分析

基于哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图站和新疆乌鲁木齐站、伊宁站的1967-2009年1月份的降水资料,利用一元线性回归法、Mann-Kendall突变检验和Morlet小波分析的方法,分析了该区域降水的变化特征,结果表明：阿拉木图和伊宁1月份降水变化不明显,呈微弱的下降趋势;乌鲁木齐降水呈显著增加趋势。阿拉木图降水年代际变化不明显,乌鲁木齐于20世纪80年代以前降水偏少,此后降水逐渐增多,伊宁和乌鲁木齐年代际变化相似。阿拉木图1月份降水没有发生突变,在1980年以前存在6—7年的短周期变化,此后存在10—15年的长周期变化。伊宁1月份降水没有发生突变,1980年以前存在6年的短周期变化,此后存在8年和11年的周期变化,变化周期不稳定。乌鲁木齐于1978、1981发生了突变,存在6年左右和12年周期变化。     

废催化剂浸出规律的静态实验方法

利用静态浸出实验方法对废催化剂中重金属在不同固水比和浸出次数条件下的浸出规律进行了系统研究。实验发现浸出次数大于３次后,重金属的浸出浓度和浸出速率趋于稳定,同时固水比的增加也没有明显改变废催化剂中重金属的浸出。认为在浸取次数大于３次以后,随着表面溶质的溶解,浸出过程主要为内扩散所控制。     

‘A powerful alternative to Williams’ test with application to toxicological dose-response relationships of normally distributed data

The comparison of increasing doses of a treatment to a negative control is frequently part of toxicological studies. For normally distributed data Williams (1971, 1972) introduced a maximum likelihood test under total order restriction. But until now there seems to have been no solution for the arbitrary unbalanced case. According to the idea proposed by Robertson et al. (1988) we will apply in this article the basic concept of Williams on the class of multiple contrast tests for the general unbalanced parametric set-up. Simulation results for size and power and two examples for estimating the minimal toxic dose (MTD) are given.     

深水水下测试树球阀剪切连续油管性能分析

为研究不同工况、不同结构参数对于深水水下测试树球阀剪切连续油管性能的影响,采用有限元分析软件建立剪切分析模型,对不同工况下剪切过程进行数值模拟,并与试验对比验证分析模型的准确性;结果显示,有限元模型结果与试验结果相对偏差小于5%;油管剪切过程中会出现2个剪切力矩峰值,通过分析不同工况下2个峰值变化规律,发现油管承受拉力越大、球阀剪切速度越小、球阀外径越小剪切过程所需剪切力越小,剪切性能越好。研究结果表明:得到的剪切模型及不同工况下剪切力变化规律,可为水下测试树的设计选型及现场应用提供指导及参考意义。