铝行业职业安全卫生管理信息系统的研究

在分析了铝行业生产特点的基础上，提出建立铝行业安全卫生管理信息系统，论述了职业安全卫生管理信息系统包括的内容。通过建立职业安全卫生管理信息系统，使安全管理工作走向科学化、系统化和信息化，对其它行业具有一定的指导意义。     

基于B/S与C/S模式的铁路运输安全管理信息系统

随着我国铁路运输业的迅速发展 ,对铁路运输安全管理不断提出新的要求。解决安全管理问题一是要不断提高员工的安全素质 ,提高安全防范意识及事故处理能力 ;更重要的是运用安全管理信息技术 ,通过建立安全管理信息系统来提高安全管理水平 ,降低事故的发生。笔者综合考虑C/S模式在信息管理、办公自动化等事务处理和B/S模式在信息浏览、查询和发布方面的优势 ,采用B/S和C/S模式相结合的混合模式开发了铁路运输安全管理信息系统。结合为某铁路运输企业开发的系统 ,论述了该系统的设计和实现     

防洪救灾遥感信息系统的研制与应用

为防洪救灾及科研领域的应用,由中科院、水利部等共同研制了防洪救灾遥感信息系统,由信息获取、信息传输、信息处理三部分组成,具有全天候工作、图象实时传输、灵活机动、覆盖面积大、快速评估等功能,在1994年、1995年、1996年的防洪振灾中发挥了重大作用。     

职业人群健康监护信息管理系统的研究

健康监护信息管理系统可以对尘肺发生、发展情况进行跟踪与监视。也反映了对这一职业人群职业病监测的信息从收集、贮存到处理、利用,建立一个完整的反馈系统的重要意义。该系统结构合理、功能性强、程序设计简洁清晰、运行可靠,达到了规范化、标准化的要求。通过对这一职业人群的医学监护,可以及时分析全省工业中尘肺发展动态,从而为防治尘肺的科学决策提供可靠依据,并为深入开展尘肺病因学、流行病学、卫生学科研工作奠定基础。     

UTILIZATION OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY THE PRIMARY AQUIFER PROVIDING GROUND WATER TO INDWIDUAL WELLS IN EASTERN ARKANSAS1

ABSTRACT: A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop an automated procedure for identifying the primary aquifers supplying ground water to individual wells in eastern Arkansas. As mandated by state law, water-use data are reported by ground-water withdrawers annually to the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and stored in the Arkansas Site-Specific Water-Use Data System provided and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Although most withdrawers are able to provide the amount of water withdrawn and the depth of their wells, very few are able to provide the name of the aquifer from which they withdraw water. GIS software was used to develop an automated procedure for identifying the primary aquifers supplying ground water to individual wells in eastern Arkansas. The software was used to generate a spatial representation of the bottom boundary for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (the shallowest aquifer) in eastern Arkansas from well log-data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. The software was then used to determine the depth of the aquifer bottom at reported well locations to ascertain whether the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer or a deeper aquifer was the primary aquifer providing water to each well. The alluvial aquifer was identified as the primary aquifer for about 23,500 wells.     

A biotechnological agenda for the third world

Third World countries should exploit the genetic information stored in their flora and fauna to develop independent and highly competitive biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The necessary condition for this policy to succeed is the reshaping of their universities and hospitals—to turn them into high-caliber research institutions dedicated to the creation of original knowledge and biomedical invention. Part of the service of the Third World foreign debt should be co-invested with the lending banks in high technology enterprises. This should be complemented with an active program of investments in First World biotech companies and university research departments which could contribute to the solving of problems connected with the First World. These strategic alliances would allow effective training of molecular biologists, improvement of South American universities, and education of biotechnologists, managers, and lawyers in the complexities of high-technology business. The establishment of real joint ventures between developed and underdeveloped countries might contribute to change the present strained relations between the North and the South, and science and technology could become real forces of social and economic development.     

Farmer decision making and spatial variables in northern Thailand

This research has two interrelated objectives. The first is to determine the extent to which a relationship exists between farmer characteristics and farming practices in three villages in northern Thailand. The second is to use standard statistical methods for incorporating spatial variables into the analysis and to assess the effects of these variables on farmer decision making. The data base includes information on the location and size of villages, roads, streams, and fields; a digital elevation model with information on elevation, slope, and aspect; and information keyed to individual fields on crops and cropping methods and the ethnicity, income, and religion of farmers. The map data (517 plots) were entered into a computerized geographic information systems (GIS). Results suggest several hypotheses about the relationships between land use and owner characteristics. More significantly, the study concludes that spatial analysis appears to be most useful when the dependent variable is either continuous or ordinal. The outlook is not quite as optimistic when the dependent variable is a nonordinal categorical variable. Before spatial analysis can be applied regularly to social science data, better computational tools need to be developed.     

A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPROACH TO WELLHEAD PROTECTION1

ABSTRACT: The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act mandate a multifaceted approach to wellhead protection. This approach includes: (1) delineating wellhead protection areas; (2) identifying and managing potential contaminants; (3) developing contingency plans in the event of weilfield contamination; (4) siting new wells; and (5) encouraging public participation. These elements encompass technical, administrative, and educational considerations. In functioning both as a research tool and as a decision support system, a geographic information system (GIS) is shown to have proven utility in addressing these issues. This article describes the application of common GIS functionality in facilitating a comprehensive wellhead protection scheme for an agricultural municipality in North Dakota.     

A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO PREDICT NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL1

ABSTRACT: Bacterial densities (total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci) and suspended solids in runoff from a feedlot, pasture, and corn field were measured. Densities of fecal coliform were highest from the feedlot but were 1000 to 10,000 times greater than the water quality standard for swimmable waters from all three land uses. Densities of fecal streptococci were highest from the corn field, which suggests that wildlife are the source of bacteria. Fecal coliform/fecal streptococci ratios distinguished cattle from wildlife as the source of bacterial pollution both among land uses and among seasons of the year. Suspended solids concentrations in runoff ranged from 423 to 925 mg/l and were highest from the corn field. A Geographic Information System (GIS), which utilizes a raster or grid-cell format, was developed to include algorithms associated with non-point source pollution. The system accepts digitally mapped information on soil type, topography, and land use. It calculates characteristics such as slope and slope length, and relates these characteristics to soils and land use parameters in order to produce three dimensional maps of runoff potential, sediment pollution potential, and bacterial pollution potential. It offers the advantages of retaining the geographic character of pollution potential information and of conveying in three-dimensional graphical terms the effects of topography, soil type, land use, and land management practices.     

基于GIS和AI的地震灾害危险性分析与信息系统

本文介绍了子课题“基于GIS和AI的地震灾害危险性分析与信息系统”的总体研究思路、1994年的进展以及今后的工作安排。在这一年之中,本课题进行了调研,了解了GIS技术的最新进展,总结了当前灾害研究的一些特点;对华北的一部分地区建立了试验性的地震构造信息系统,经过多种空间操作,产生了一系列新的数据集合;在矢量数据与栅格数据转换的基础上,提出了实用的网格单元特征的提取方法;初步研究了GIS与AI的结合途径。