峨眉山2001年9～10月雨水的化学组成

为阐明峨眉山大气污染物的来源，从2001年9月开始，在峨眉山所设的25个取样点以月为单位收集雨水样品。本文分析讨论了从9月20日10月20日所收集的雨水的化学组成。     

1997～2002年成都市区酸雨监测

本文对1997年～2002年成都市区的酸雨污染状况，酸雨分布，以及市区降水中阴离子成分随时间和空间的变化进行了探讨，为成都市区确定酸雨来源、酸雨类型、酸雨分布提供基础数据，并对控制和降低酸雨污染提出了建议。     

On East Asian Sand and Duststorms and Associated Significant Dustfall Observed from January to May 2001

Monitoring of dust pollution at the western shore of Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP) and in the Chongju area of central Korea was carried out from January to May 2001. It was found that in Koreathere were 9 cases of sand and duststorms (DS) and 16 associatedsignificant dustfall (SD) days. Observed maximum concentrations of DS and SD coming from NW China and Mongolia were in the rangeof 300–920 for TSP, 200–690 for PM₁₀ and 100–170 g m^-3 for PM_2.5.Satellite measurements clearly showed the formation and subsequent movement of DS to the Korean Peninsula and onward to the Korea East Sea, Japan and the Gulf of Alaska. According to satellite image analysis of dust clouds there were abundant coarse particles, measuring in size of 11.0 m. Medium-sizedparticles measuring in the range of 3.5–7.0 were also prevalent,while fine particles of less than 2.0 m were less distinctive in reflectivity. Measured values of PM_2.5 were alsorelatively low with SD events.The measured average pH values of dusty precipitation associatedwith DS were 7.24. Alkaline precipitation can play a `temporary'role in the neutralization of acidified soil until the subsequentevent of acidic rain. The new selection criteria of SD days from PM_2.5 at 85 g m^-3, PM₁₀ 190 g m^-3 and TSP 250 g m^-3 are recommended on dust pollution occurring from the invasion of a DS elsewhere.     

两种不同抗性作物对酸雨胁迫的响应

为明晰植物渗透调节在抗酸性机制中的作用,考察了模拟酸雨对抗酸性作物水稻(Oryza sativa)和酸敏感性作物大豆(Glycine max)幼苗株高、叶片含水量、渗透势、脯氨酸含量和质膜H+-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,酸雨(p H=2.5~5.0)喷施5 d后,水稻和大豆幼苗的耐受阈值为p H=4.0和5.0;恢复5 d后,p H=2.5组水稻和p H=3.0组大豆含水量和株高仍未恢复到对照水平。动态测定结果显示,酸雨(p H=4.5和3.0)胁迫初期(第3 d),水稻脯氨酸含量应激升高,调控渗透势下降;随胁迫时间延长(第5 d),脯氨酸含量升高不足以维持稳定的渗透势,质膜H+-ATPase活性升高,调控胞内外渗透平衡。研究表明,酸雨胁迫下水稻脯氨酸和质膜H+-ATPase的渗透调节能力强于大豆,这是水稻抗酸性强于大豆的内在机制之一。     

百里酚对酸雨样品分析的影响

在东亚酸雨监测网湿沉降监测的技术指南中 ,百里酚 (thymol)作为杀菌剂被推荐用于预先加入采样容器以抑制微生物对有机酸的分解 ,解决没有冰箱或难以使用冰箱地区的酸雨样品保存问题。本文实验了它对酸雨样品分析的影响。由于百里酚与苯酚结构相似 ,造成靛酚法的铵离子分析中吸光度有所降低。此外 ,在每 10 0 ml样品中百里酚加入量大于 40 mg时 ,离子色谱的基线明显变差     

应用遗传神经网络方法分析我国降水化学数据

收集了１１１组包含Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋等８种离子浓度和ＰＨ值的我国降水化学数据，并用遗传神经网络（Ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ Ｎｅｕｒａｌ Ｎｅｔ－ｗｏｒｋｓ，ＧＮＮ）方法建立了这些离子浓度和ＰＨ值绵ＢＰ网络模式，运用这些模式计算了各离子浓度对ＰＨ值的贡献，结果表明，我国各地降水ＰＨ值与各地区酸性离子与碱性离子相互用途相关，其中生离子的中和作用起着主导作用。     

浅析昆明市酸雨污染状况及变化

通过对昆明市区1998~2002年酸雨污染状况、酸雨分布及市区降水离子组分变化规律与特征的探讨,为昆明市区酸雨类型、分布和来源提供基础数据,并对控制和降低酸雨污染提出建议。     

Study on the toxicity of acid rain to microbiota in soils

With simulated acid rain and acidification, the soils from both Nanning and Liuzhou municipalities, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region have been studied to determine the counts of azotobacter, bacteria, actinomyces and the activity of urease in soils, and the changes in respiratory intensity of soil so as to identify the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in such soils. The concept of the critical pH of toxicity has been developed and used to discuss the representation of the concept, the basis on which the soil treated with simulated acid rain can be taken as an object of study, and the criteria for the identification of toxicity. Based on that as mentioned above, it was found that acid rain behaved to have toxicity to the microbiota in soils from Liuzhou other than from Nanning. The findings may be regarded as an objective basis to study the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in soils in this region.     

闽南地区酸雨特征及其亚硝酸根检测

概括介绍了闽南地区酸雨的分布和特征 ,阐述了几种快速、灵敏、稳定测定亚硝酸根离子传感器的制备及应用。     

云下降雨洗脱痕量气体时S(IV)的液相氧化过程

用数值模拟跟踪S(Ⅳ)氧化生成SO_4~2的行为,研究SO_2及NH_3等气体浓度、降雨酸度、雨滴大小、持续降雨时间等因素对四个氧化途径(O_3氧化,H_2O_2酸催化氧化;Mn~(2+),Fe~(3+)催化氧化;降落到地面后S(Ⅳ)的氧化)的影响。 计算结果表明,我国北方地区云下降雨洗脱SO_2等痕量气体时,降雨中四个氧化途径都起作用,而以O_3氧化过程为主,在西南地区,首先是O_3氧化S(Ⅳ)起主要作用,而降雨的进一步酸化则是H_2O_2酸催化氧化S(Ⅳ),降雨过程中Mn~(2+),Fe~(3+)催化氧化S(Ⅳ)不是最主要途径。