浅析定电位电解法测试SO2应注意的问题

用定电位电解法测定SO2时,会出现多种影响测试结果的各种因素。本文对此进行了讨论,结果表明,采取有效措施可降低干扰,极大的提高了污染源监测和在线比对监测的可靠性和准确性。     

烟气平均流速自动测量及其自动检测装置

通过对烟道"速度场常数"的研究,提出了利用速度场常数监测烟道烟气平均流速的方法,同时研制出速度场常数自动检测装置.解决了烟道烟气平均流速自动监测的技术难题.经实践检验:所研究的监测方法正确,检测装置结构合理,监测结果稳定、可靠.     

有机化合物KOC片段常数估算模型的误差与稳健性分析

分析了估算有机化合物吸着系数的片段常数模型的误差,并用４种不同方法检验了估算有机化合物吸纱数的片段常数模型的稳健性。重复随机抽取单一合物,逐一抽取估算值与实测值差别较大的个别化合物,重复随机抽取５０个化合物以及逐一抽取特定化合物类别。     

2甲4氯在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍２甲４氯除草剂在３种不同有机质含量的土壤中吸附常数的测定,利用批量平衡法建立了Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温线,获得了２甲４氯在土壤中有机碳吸附常数为１０８．２甲４氯在土壤中是单分子层吸附,其吸附行为属于物理吸附。     

除草剂2，4-D在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍除草剂２,４－Ｄ在４种不同有机碳含量、不同ｐＨ值的土壤中吸附常数的测定．结果表明,４种土壤对２,４－Ｄ的吸附等温线均符合非线形的Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式,其有机碳吸附常数的平均值为２３９．６．２,４－Ｄ的吸附常数与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关,土壤的ｐＨ值对２,４－Ｄ的吸附也有一定的影响．     

Nitrous oxide supersaturation at the liquid/air interface of animal waste

Concentrated animal feeding operations around the globe generate large amounts of nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the surrounding atmosphere. Liquid animal waste systems have received little attention with respect to N₂O emissions. We hypothesized that the solution chemistry of animal waste aqueous suspensions would promote conditions that lead to N₂O supersaturation at the liquid/air interface. The concentration of dissolved N₂O in poultry litter (PL) aqueous suspensions at 25 °C was 0.36 μg N₂O mL⁻¹, at least an order of magnitude greater than that measured in water in equilibrium with ambient air, suggesting N₂O supersaturation. There was a nonlinear increase in the N₂O Henry constants of PL from 2810 atm/mole fraction at 35 °C to 17 300 atm/mole fraction at 41 °C. The extremely high N₂O Henry constants were partially ascribed to N₂O complexation with aromatic moieties. Complexed N₂O structures were unstable at temperatures > 35 °C, supplying the headspace with additional free N₂O concentrations.     

Adsorption of mono- and di-butyltin by a wheat charcoal: pH effects and modeling

Understanding adsorption processes of butyltins (BTs) such as monobutyltin (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) by black carbons is important for the evaluation of BT exposure risks to organisms and humans. However, relevant knowledge is scarce. In this study, the acidity constants pK_a,1 = 2.3, pK_a,2 = 3.5 and pK_a,3 = 5.9 for MBT and pK_a,1 = 3.0 and pK_a,2 = 5.1 for DBT are estimated via potentiometric titration. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of BTs to a wheat charcoal were determined. The adsorption behavior was observed to be pH-dependent due to BT speciation and the pH-dependent surface charge of the charcoal. MBT adsorption to the charcoal decreases with increasing pH from 4 to 8, while the highest adsorption occurs at pH 6 for DBT. Adsorption of the BTs is successfully described in the pH range of 3-10 by using a newly developed pH-dependent Dual Langmuir model. The model has the potential to predict the interaction of BT species with charcoal, which can contribute to the risk assessments of BTs in the environment.     

A numerical study on the seasonal variability of polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere in the East China Sea

A three-dimensional/high-resolution transport model for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been developed for the East China Sea (ECS). The POPs model has four compartments (gaseous, dissolved, phytoplankton-bound, and detritus-bound phases) and includes processes for diffusive air-water exchange, phytoplankton uptake/depuration to POPs, decomposition of dissolved phase, vertical sinking of phytoplankton, detritus production by phytoplankton mortality, and vertical sinking and decomposition of detritus. The POPs model is coupled with an ocean circulation model that can reproduce the seasonal variation in physical variables to represent the advection and diffusion of POPs. We applied the POPs model to the polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB 153) from the atmosphere and examined the behavior of PCB 153 in the ocean. The model showed a remarkable seasonal variability of PCB 153. Concentrations in the dissolved and particulate phases are high in winter (January-March) and low in summer (July-September). In coastal regions, where chlorophyll a concentration is high, horizontal and vertical distributions in the dissolved and particulate PCB 153 concentrations are strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake. The sensitivity experiments on the dynamics of PCB 153 suggested that a change of Henry’s law constant associated with water temperature is the major factor controlling the seasonal variability of PCB 153. The model-based yearly mass balance of PCB 153 in the ECS indicated that most of the atmospheric input (35.5 kg year⁻¹) is removed by the horizontal advection outside the ECS (19.0 kg year⁻¹) and accumulates to the sea bottom by vertical sinking (15.7 kg year⁻¹). For comparison with PCB 153, we also conducted simulations for PCB 52, 101, and 180. The seasonal variations are similar to that of PCB 153. The mass balance of PCB 52 that has short half-life time and less hydrophobic property shows the different results compared with PCB 101, 153, and 180.     

高频脉冲介质阻挡放电去除水中17β-雌二醇

实验采用高频脉冲介质阻挡放电工艺处理水体中的17β-雌二醇（E2）。结果表明,该工艺可以有效地降解水中的E2,E2的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型。当体系脉冲峰-峰电压为24kV,初始浓度为100μg／L的E2在超纯水中的降解一级反应速率常数为0．1314min^-1。E2的降解速率常数随脉冲峰-峰电压的增大而升高,随E2初始浓度和溶液初始pH增加而降低,溶液初始电导率对E2的降解影响不大。     

可见光分解-氯碱氧化法去除废水中的铁氰化物

采用可见光分解（光解）-氯碱氧化法去除模拟废水中的Fe（CN）63-。考察了光解过程中反应时间、初始Fe（CN）63-质量浓度和初始废水pH对Fe（CN）63-去除效果及表观反应速率常数（k（Fe（CN）63-））的影响,以及光解-氯碱氧化法对Fe（CN）63-模拟废水中总氰化物（TCN）的去除效果。实验结果表明：在初始Fe（CN）63-质量浓度6.7 mg/L、初始废水pH 12、反应时间8.0 h的条件下,Fe（CN）63-的去除率为83%,光解过程符合表观一级动力学模型;在初始Fe（CN）63-质量浓度6.7 mg/L、初始TCN质量浓度4.90 mg/L、初始废水pH 12、反应时间12.0 h的条件下,采用光解-氯碱氧化法可使Fe（CN）63-模拟废水的TCN质量浓度降至0.14 mg/L,低于GB 16171—2012的要求（0.2 mg/L）,该过程的限速步骤为Fe（CN）63-的光解破络过程。