我国森林资源及其产品流动特征分析

论文运用物流分析的基本思想,基于我国森林资源产品的产量、贸易量统计资料,采用统一的“原木当量(m³)”单位,沿森林资源采伐→资源产品加工→资源产品消费链,研究了我国“九五”期间主要森林资源产品的流动状况。结果表明,我国“九五”期间年均消耗森林资源16962×10⁴m³,其中48.3%来自国外;本国森林资源主要流向原木、锯材、人造板加工制造行业,仅有9.3%用于制浆造纸;而纸类产品所用的森林资源主要依赖于进口;终端消费中75%的森林资源产品用于建筑装修、家具生产和包装3个主要消费项。因此,认为我国必须提高森林资源利用效率、增加纸类产品中的森林资源用量,以提高我国森林资源流动的经济效益;资源战略上既要充分利用国外森林资源,又要提高我国资源供给的保障能力。     

水环境毒理学研究启示

分析了中国近年来主要水资源的环境毒理学污染现状及有关环境污染物研究进展,针对目前我国水环境系统存在的污染状况及环境毒理学领域出现的新问题,提出了相关建议.我国主要水资源的保护涉及我国今年人口健康素质的提高和国家经济的健康发展,因此有必要从国家安全性的战略角度重视水资源的环境保护问题.      

Monitoring and adaptive management: resolving social and organisational issues to improve information sharing in natural resource management

Adaptive, or 'learning by doing', approaches are often advocated as a means of providing increased understanding within natural resource management. However, a number of organisational and social issues need to be resolved if these approaches are to be used successfully. A case study in the South Island high country of New Zealand is used to review what is needed to support an ongoing community-based monitoring and adaptive management programme. First, the case study is described, paying attention to the social context of the resource management problem. The results of a workshop that explored this problem are then outlined, along with a proposed information flow suggested by participants. Requirements for future steps to resolve these problems (such as information protocols and a multi-stakeholder information system) are discussed. Finally, some broad lessons are drawn from this exercise that could help others developing similar approaches.     

关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考

通过对我国水资源状况及石化行业水消耗情况分析,找出我国石化企业新鲜水用量,污水排放在绝对量,吨原油、万元产值的单耗,单排等方面与国外相比较存在的差距。指出存在的主要问题是:清污分流不彻底;污污分流不健全;汽提后的净化水回用量小;新鲜水冲洗地面及作为机泵冷却水直排,导致新鲜水的浪费。同时针对以上问题提出相应的建议参考指标及对应措施。     

基于LS-DYNA的交错扇形深孔崩落法排间间隔时间优化研究

为了同时解决"隐患资源高效回收"和"空区隐患安全治理"这对矛盾问题,提出交错扇形深孔崩落法;采用室内试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,根据交错扇形布孔形式建立数值计算模型,按照1#矿体岩石的物理力学指标确定模型材料参数,采用LS-DYNA动力仿真软件优选扇形排间间隔时间.研究结果表明:当采空一区排间间隔为100 ms时,岩石...     

伊犁地区农业生态环境与可持续发展—“1515”工程在伊犁地区的实施及生态环

水土资源的开发和生态环境保护是一对矛盾统一体,如何协调发展是当今环保学科的重要课题。本文在论述了伊犁州“1515”工程和伊犁地区生态环境及开发利用现状的基础上,分析预测水土资源开发的影响,并得出了一些基本的可持续发展结论。     

INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHIC AND LANDSAT (TM) DATA AT A WATERSHED SCALE1

ABSTRACT: Recurrent calls for integrated resource management urge that an understanding of human activities and populations be incorporated into natural resource research, management, and protection efforts. In this paper, we hypothesize that watersheds can be a valuable geography for organizing an inquiry into the relationship between humans and the environment, and we present a framework for conducting such efforts. The framework is grounded in the emerging field of landscape ecology and incorporates demographic theory and data. Demography has been advanced by technological capabilities associated with the 1990 Census. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we couple Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) land cover data with census‐derived housing density data to demonstrate the operation of our framework and its utility for better understanding human‐landscape interactions. In our investigation of the Kickapoo Watershed and two sub‐ watersheds, located in southwestern Wisconsin, we identify relationships between landscape composition and the distribution and social structure of human populations. Our findings offer insight into the interplay between people and biophysical systems.     

柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究

提出了以期望人口为核心的水资源承载力指标体系,并应用于柴达木盆地水资源承载力的实际研究． 用柴达木盆地水资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型（ＳＤＳＭＷＲＳＣＣＢ）计算了人口等承载力指标的预测值,把期望值和预测值进行了深入分析比较,推断出柴达木盆地水资源承载力．     

华北地区城市居民用水需求影响因素分析

为了考察城市居民用水需求的决定因素,论文以华北地区城市居民用水需求为例,考虑了包括价格、收入和水资源短缺在内的各种影响因素。研究发现,水价是影响城市居民用水需求的重要因素,同时发现城市居民用水需求和收入之间可能存在U型曲线,水资源短缺程度会显著影响城市居民年人均用水需求。     

区域人均基本农田需求面积测算模型及应用——以江苏省为例

为估计一定区域内基本农田保护面积,论文在探讨基本农田涵义的基础上,提出了区域人均基本农田需求面积的计算模型。该模型综合考虑了城乡居民对农产品的消费、复种指数、粮食作物播种面积比例、单产水平以及城市化水平等因素。以江苏省为例,计算1985-2004年江苏省城乡居民人均粮食消耗总当量。在此基础上,计算1985-2004年江苏省人均基本农田需求面积以及估计2005-2020年江苏省人均基本农田需求面积。结果表明,1985-2004年之间,江苏省人均基本农田需求面积平均值为0.054hm₂,考虑在外饮食情况时,该值为0.059hm₂;2005-2020年之间江苏省人均基本农田需求面积平均值为0.057hm₂。