深圳市大鹏新区生态保护红线划定技术方法研究

生态保护红线是环境保护管理方法的一种创新,目前的研究多是针对生态功能和敏感性划定空间红线,对环境质量和资源承载能力的考虑相对较少.本文以深圳市大鹏新区为研究对象,在保障区域生态红线的性质不变、功能不降和面积不减的基础上,分别从环境质量红线、生态功能保障红线和资源利用3个方面开展生态保护红线的划分.结果表明:生态功能保障红线与生态控制线基本吻合,环境质量红线包括水环境容量利用红线和大气环境容量红线,其中,水环境容量红线为CODCr、NH3-N、TN和TP可利用的环境容量,分别为720.5、36.4、67.5和6.67t·a-1;大气环境容量红线为轨道交通分担50%的运力时,机动车为20000辆·d-1.资源利用红线为大鹏新区的最适旅游承载力,为18555人次·d-1,即677.3万人次·a-1.划分结果较好地反映了大鹏新区经济发展的自然和环境制约,可以为大鹏当地经济发展和环境保护管理提供相应的技术支持.     

城市污水厂污泥催化热水解制备聚合氯化铝铁

采用催化热水解分离城市污水厂污泥中的有机物和无机物,并将无机物制备成了聚合氯化铝铁。研究结果表明:在盐酸质量浓度为20%,反应时间为2 h,反应温度为90℃,固液比1∶3条件下,制备的液体聚合氯化铝铁的Al_2O_3含量为9.34%,Fe_2O_3含量为2.11%,盐基度为47.8%;制备的产品在城市污水处理中取得了较好处理效果。同时采用红外光谱(IR)技术对制备的聚合氯化铝铁的聚合形态进行表征。     

上海城市污水厂污泥处置现状研究

近年来,大量的污水处理厂不断建成投入运行,随之而来的城市污泥产量越来越大,对污泥的处理问题显得非常紧迫.城市污水厂污泥处置的技术路线和发展方向,要以无害化、减量化、资源化为处理目标.常规污泥处置目标和常规污泥处置方式,主要包括填埋处理的方式、污泥焚烧的方法、污泥土地利用的措施.同时对上海城市污水厂污泥处置现状及存在的问题进行了研究,指出污泥干化后进行与生活垃圾协同焚烧处理是污泥最终处置较好的出路.     

Water reforms in Brazil: opportunities and constraints

The last decade saw repeated attempts to adopt and implement an integrated management of water in Brazil. Internationally established principles, such as water economics and public participation, have influenced the development of a novel regulatory framework for water use and conservation in the country. However, despite changes in policies and in the legislation, the opportunity to address old and new management problems has been largely frustrated by the internal contradictions of the ongoing institutional reforms. A case study of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin demonstrates the distance between, on the one hand, calls for decentralisation and responsibility sharing and, on the other hand, the persistence of bureaucratised and exclusionary practices. The main distortion is the excessive effort expended on the introduction of water pricing and environmental charges, a controversial policy instrument that has dominated the agenda of the new river basin committee, at the expense of addressing river restoration, public mobilisation and environmental justice.     

The Effect of Jump on Evaluating Natural Resource Investments

Abstract

The evaluation of mining and other natural resource projects is made particularly difficult by the high degree of uncertainty attaching to output prices. It is shown that the techniques of continuous time arbitrage and stochastic control theory may be used not only to value such projects but also to determine the optimal policies for developing managing. This paper describes a model for evaluating natural resource investments under uncertainty from a new perspective. The previous works in this field mostly regard the movements of natural resource prices as a continuous GBM process, which pays few attentions to the shock of unexpected bad news. Our model provides the first theoretical method to analyze the impact of such “jump” on investment decisions. It concludes that the more frequently bad news happens, the earlier a project will be invested.     

引入资源价值补偿机制的资源税改革研究

资源是社会经济发展的基础,也是社会可持续发展的动力和保证,随着我国经济的快速发展,资源短缺现象日益突出,资源补偿不足的问题也日益凸显.国内外研究证明,资源补偿和资源税改革息息相关,资源价值补偿作为一种有效的资源补偿方式,具有很好的适用性和可操作性,是政府调控资源生产、消费和恢复的有效手段之一.长期以来,我国的资源税改革一直受到关注焦点,但学者门多关注于如何提高税率,扩大税基,而忽视了资源税改革中的资源补偿问题.本文首先回顾了相关研究成果,在此基础上借鉴国外经验,在资源税改革中引入资源价值补偿机制,并构建资源环境CGE模型(即RECGE模型),从资源价值补偿对社会经济、资源环境以及社会福利等方面进行模拟分析,研究资源价值补偿的影响.研究表明:资源价值补偿能有效缓解资源压力,改善环境状况,而合理而有效的资源补偿能有效协调经济和资源环境系统,促进社会经济的可持续发展.     

基于低碳发展的企业资源损失定量分析及其应用

低碳经济是企业发展中面临的选择,但目前的研究却缺少企业产品生产过程中的资源消耗与环境影响问题之间的定量分析.另有研究发现,企业处于积极环境行为的第一个层次,即只要企业污染治理水平停留在企业污染治理边际成本和企业污染治理边际收益相等处,企业治理环境就是可以获得收益的,因而,企业有进行降低环境影响的强烈需求.本文运用物质流成本会计(MFCA),从数量与价值角度使企业资源损失定量化,使其损失结构清晰化,因此有利于企业找到损失改善点,促使企业减少资源的初始投入量、提高资源使用率,并降低环境影响.以一个案例进行具体运用,在此基础上,引入外部损害成本原理,通过"资源流内部损失-废弃物外部损害"双重维度分析,使企业资源损失从经济性和环境性方面得到全面体现.本文从微观层面为企业低碳经济发展提供了一个新的研究视角.     

基于多维视角的资源型城市经济转型时机理论分析与判断——以大庆市为例

经济转型是资源型城市实现可持续发展的必然过程,而经济转型时机对城市转型路径与转型效果具有重要影响。以资源型城市生命周期曲线为工具,尝试从资源开发时序、产业结构演进、空间结构演化和生态环境变化四个维度构建经济转型时机的理论分析框架,并以大庆市为实证,探究大庆市所处的经济转型时机,以期为大庆市制定经济转型策略提供理论依据,并对国内资源型城市经济转型时机的判断提供思路和启示。     

A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

Organizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature is filled with examples of community-level approaches to conservation. While such case studies are highly valuable, much of this literature has placed a strong emphasis on the institutional conditions surrounding successful participatory practices. Here, we seek to complement the participatory conservation literature with the community participation literature, which has tended to follow an actor-centered (e.g., residents) approach to successful participatory practices. By merging these two literatures, our goal is to offer a holistic framework that accounts for a more comprehensive understanding of the different forms and benefits of participation. We hope this framework will serve as a tool for field practitioners to implement the most effective action plans resulting in greater future successes.     

国土资源开发利用的综合效益分析

用定量与定性相结合的方法 ,系统分析了国土资源在开发过程中所表现出来的各种社会、经济和生态方面的数量关系和指标 ,并用经济学的基本模型 ,从国土资源开发的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益上总结了这种关系。最后提出了国土资源开发利用的综合效益就是社会效益、经济效益、生态效益的统一 ,经济效益是社会效益和生态效益基础的观点。