初始pH值对磷酸盐还原除磷的影响研究

以超高盐（盐度7％,以NaCI计）高磷榨菜废水为研究对象,考察了初始pH值对磷酸盐还原进程的影响。实验结果表明,初始pH值对磷酸盐还原除磷效能影响显著。初始pH为8时,磷酸盐还原除磷率达到最高,平均值为65．45％。同时,初始pH值还会影响污泥中活性磷的形成以及基体对磷化氢的吸附。此外,偏碱性有利于磷形态转化,且BD-P（主要是一些可溶性的、还原性强的、带有Fe-P化合物的集合）含量的高低调控着生物膜内间隙水中溶解态可反应性磷（DRP）和可还原水溶态磷（RSP）含量,最终决定着磷酸盐还原进程。随着初始pH值的升高,污泥对磷化氢的吸附能力降低导致污泥中结合态磷化氢（MBP）含量不断减少。     

Water-soluble matter in PM2.5 in a coastal city over China: Chemical components, optical properties, and source analysis

Although marine and terrestrial emissions simultaneously affect the formation of atmospheric fine particles in coastal areas, knowledge on the optical properties and sources of water-soluble matter in these areas is still scarce. In this work, taking Qingdao, China as a typical coastal location, the chemical composition of PM_2.5 during winter 2019 was analyzed.Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was combined with parallel factor analysis model to explain the component...     

Citizen science networks in natural history and the collective validation of biodiversity data

Biodiversity data are in increasing demand to inform policy and management. A substantial portion of these data is generated in citizen science networks. To ensure the quality of biodiversity data, standards and criteria for validation have been put in place. We used interviews and document analysis from the United Kingdom and The Netherlands to examine how data validation serves as a point of connection between the diverse people and practices in natural history citizen science networks. We found that rather than a unidirectional imposition of standards, validation was performed collectively. Specifically, it was enacted in ongoing circulations of biodiversity records between recorders and validators as they jointly negotiated the biodiversity that was observed and the validity of the records. These collective validation practices contributed to the citizen science character or natural history networks and tied these networks together. However, when biodiversity records were included in biodiversity‐information initiatives on different policy levels and scales, the circulation of records diminished. These initiatives took on a more extractive mode of data use. Validation ceased to be collective with important consequences for the natural history networks involved and citizen science more generally.     

考虑纵横弯曲的空间杆系有限元计算

在普通刚架有限元计算模型的基础上 ,推导出了考虑空间纵横弯曲有限元的单元刚度矩阵和形函数 ,单元刚度矩阵和形函数考虑了轴力的影响。并以此编制了“kjgj”有限元软件 ,软件考虑了轴力引起的二阶效应。用平面和空间算例进行验证 ,单根杆件只剖分一个单元计算得到的精度可以达到商业软件剖分多个单元达到的精度。     

煤矿本质安全特征及管理方法研究

分析国内煤矿本质安全管理研究现状及存在问题,进一步讨论煤矿本质安全的内涵。探讨近年来我国煤矿事故发生的致因与根源,指出人的行为安全是我国煤矿本质安全的主要特征。通过研究我国煤矿事故的控制管理,选择事故率作为我国煤矿本质安全判别的参考标准;分析我国煤矿生产的现状与差异,提出了对我国煤矿的本质安全性进行分类判别的思想;从深入开展煤矿安全管理理论研究、加强煤矿安全管理立法、建立煤矿安全管理标准和有效组织机制等方面提出了实现煤矿本质安全的管理策略。     

Pluralism,The Ethical Matrix,and Coming to Conclusions

The ethical matrix approach was developed by Prof Ben Mepham and his colleagues at the University of Nottingham in the early 1990s. Since then the approach has received increasing attention and has been used by several researchers in different projects related to assessing ethical impacts of different food production technologies and other policy options of societal concern. The ethical matrix is sometimes understood simply as a checklist of ethical concerns, but might also be seen as a guide to coming to conclusions on moral questions. The problem I discuss in this paper relates to how using the ethical matrix method as a decision guide can be combined with respecting pluralism. The aim of the paper is to suggest a framework making it possible to – at the same time – enhance public justification of judgments and respect pluralism. I argue that pluralism is fundamental to the ethical matrix approach; I distinguish between intuitionist principled pluralism and societal value pluralism; and I show how both kinds of pluralism imply restrictions on how conclusions can be made. No substantive moral decision principles can be allowed. Still, I argue, decision principles of a more epistemological or procedural character can be acceptable even within pluralism. The pragmatist principle of inquiry is defended as an account of moral problem solving compatible with both principled pluralism and value pluralism. When an ethical matrix is used within such a participatory inquiry process substantive conclusions can be drawn.     

湖南传统村落的防御性特征

防御性在中国传统村落的规划和建设中具有很高的研究价值。通过分析湖南传统村落在选址、空间形态、防火和建筑装饰等方面的防御性特征,指出传统村落的物质防御和精神防卫等防御理念具有明显的先进性与科学性。两个方面共同作用,所营造的传统村落的安全居住环境,是中国传统文化因素中的心理安全防御意识在具体环境中的物化体现,是中国传统哲学观念和生态环境观念的有机统一,指出传统村落的防御性在当今和谐社会宜居社区的规划和建设中的借鉴意义。     

多因素耦合条件下硫化矿自燃神经网络动态预测模型研究

硫化矿石自燃是多种因素、多场耦合综合作用的结果,是一典型的非线性问题。笔者应用人工神经网络技术,以Matlab软件为平台,通过现场调查和理论分析,建立了矿石含硫量、通风强度、环境温度3因素与硫化矿石自燃之间的预测模型;通过数据样本学习与部分现场监测数据相结合进行模拟,研究表明预测数据与实测结果基本吻合,误差控制在10%以内,取得了较好的效果。该研究为预防硫化矿石自燃提供一个新的思路和方法,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。     

Long‐Term Dynamics of a Fragmented Rainforest Mammal Assemblage

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is a severe threat to tropical biotas, but its long‐term effects are poorly understood. We evaluated longer‐term changes in the abundance of larger (>1 kg) mammals in fragmented and intact rainforest and in riparian “corridors” in tropical Queensland, with data from 190 spotlighting surveys conducted in 1986–1987 and 2006–2007. In 1986–1987 when most fragments were already 20–50 years old, mammal assemblages differed markedly between fragmented and intact forest. Most vulnerable were lemuroid ringtail possums (Hemibelideus lemuroides), followed by Lumholtz's tree‐kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) and Herbert River ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus herbertensis). Further changes were evident 20 years later. Mammal species richness fell significantly in fragments, and the abundances of 4 species, coppery brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula johnstoni), green ringtail possums (Pseudochirops archeri), red‐legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica), and tree‐kangaroos, declined significantly. The most surprising finding was that the lemuroid ringtail, a strict rainforest specialist, apparently recolonized one fragment, despite a 99.98% decrease in abundance in fragments and corridors. A combination of factors, including long‐term fragmentation effects, shifts in the surrounding matrix vegetation, and recurring cyclone disturbances, appear to underlie these dynamic changes in mammal assemblages.