热能（火用）平衡在芳烃分离装置清洁生产审核中的实践

运用热能（火用）平衡理论于芳烃分离装置清洁生产审核中,建立了芳烃分离装置热能（火用）平衡。热能（火用）平衡测算结果表明：此芳烃分离装置的热能利用效率（实际）为61．65％、热（火用）利用效率（实际）为59．77％、热力学第一定律效率和热力学第二定律效率分别为23．93％和7．76％。依据清洁生产审核思路,对此芳烃分离装置的热能（火用）利用效率进行了原因分析并提出了预防对策,可为提出清洁生产方案提供定量化依据。     

Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid region, which means water resource management is a strategic issue for this country. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates in Iran. For this reason, recycling and reusing of treated wastewater is the most practical solution for compensating of water shortage in industrial estates. Currently, only 20% of total treated wastewater is used for irrigation and almost 0.81% is consumed for industrial purpose. This study presents an overview on the wastewater management at the Iranian industrial estates for the purpose of achieving the goal of eco-industrial parks by describing the present situation and discussing the experiences of wastewater reuse systems for irrigation and industrial purposes. The aims of this study was to provide an overview of the wastewater management at the industrial estates in Iran towards achieving eco-industrial parks by describing present states and the outcome of wastewater consumption for irrigation and industrial purposes.     

中石油东部炼油企业设备腐蚀与控制现状

针对原油炼化过程中对设备与管道造成的腐蚀破坏作用,分析了主要腐蚀性介质单质硫、硫化氢、环烷酸及HCl+H_2S+H_2O体系的来源、形成机制、腐蚀机理,介绍了中石油东部七个石化企业所加工原油的含硫、含盐和含酸情况,依据炼油流程分别对比阐述了这些企业的原油脱盐脱水、常减压蒸馏、催化裂化、加氢裂化、延迟焦化和其他流程中主要设备和管道的腐蚀与控制现状,并提出了中石油炼化企业和相关的研究机构今后在这方面的研究与应用方向。     

柴油加氢装置关键换热器管束腐蚀机理研究

目的明确兰州石化柴油加氢装置某换热器管束(主要材质为15Cr Mo钢和321不锈钢)的腐蚀失效原因。方法采用高温高压釜试验和模拟铵盐结晶试验研究15Cr Mo钢和321不锈钢在服役介质中的腐蚀机理。结果 15Cr Mo钢的腐蚀失效形式表现为铵盐结晶下的快速均匀腐蚀和其他部位的点蚀;而321不锈钢的腐蚀失效形式则相反,主要表现为铵盐结晶下的点蚀。结论为避免铵盐结晶引起的腐蚀穿孔,建议提高换热器出口温度到230℃以上,将换热器出口的注水工艺改为注中和缓蚀剂,在加氢反应器出口增设脱氯罐。     

Utilisation of steel slags as neutralising agents in biooxidation of a refractory gold concentrate and their influence on the subsequent cyanidation

A study on the possibilities to utilise steel slag as neutralising agent in biooxidation of a refractory gold concentrate has been done with reference to commercial grade slaked lime. The idea has been to reduce the operating costs for neutralisation in the biooxidation plant, which is known to be the second largest operating cost. Other benefits would be savings in cost for landfilling of slag, possibilities to recycle elements present in the slag and savings of virgin limestone deposits. The slags used were an EAF slag and a slag from ladle refining; both originating from Swedish scrap based steel-making. Continuous biooxidation of the refractory gold concentrate was conducted in a single-stage 5 L reactor at a retention time of 56 h. The neutralisation capacity was determined by comparing the amount needed, per ton of feed concentrate added, to maintain the desired pH of 1.5 during steady state operation. Slaked lime had the highest neutralisation capacity with 110 kg/ton feed followed by ladle slag and EAF slag with values of 152 and 267 kg/ton feed, respectively. Sulphide mineral oxidation was similar and high in all cases although the ladle slag results were slightly better. Gold recoveries after cyanide leaching on the residues obtained were also similar and were in the range of 86-89%. However, the cyanide consumption expressed as kilogram cyanide per ton of concentrate fed to biooxidation, was double in the case of ladle slag and three times as much for the EAF slag compared to the slaked lime experiment. The increased cyanide consumption could not be explained only by the increased amount of elemental sulphur obtained in the slag experiments. The elemental sulphur formed had different reactivities as seen from the thiocyanate formation and cyanide losses due to thiocyanate formation were 16%, 32% and 40% for EAF slag, slaked lime and ladle slag, respectively. It is concluded that the ladle slag could be a possible replacement for limestone if they are mixed in proper proportions so that the microbial carbon dioxide demand is met whereas the EAF slag is less suitable due to the very fine reaction products obtained which gave operational problems with filtration and washing. To come further, experiments with the normal multi-stage biooxidation set-up with total retention time of 120 h should be performed which would increase the sulphur oxidation and eventually also reduce the cyanide consumption.     

降低天然气压缩机组单位能耗的研究

文章以探索提某站4台伴生气天然气压缩机组运行时效作为研究目的,针对压缩机组运行过程中出现的机组排量低、运行参数偏离设计值等问题开展研究,采取调整余隙和增大动力缸上止点时燃烧室容积等措施,实现机组提高处理量、降低单位能耗的目的,在为企业节省生产运行成本的同时,实现节能减排。     

Effects of Ergorest® Arm Supports on Muscle Strain and Wrist Positions During the Use of the Mouse and Keyboard in Work With Visual Display Units: A Work Site Intervention

The effects of Ergorest^® arm supports on wrist angles and musculoskeletal strain in the neck-shoulder-arm region and electrical activity in the shoulder and arm muscles were studied during typing or the use of the mouse in work with a visual display unit (VDU). Twenty-one women were randomized into 3 groups (1 arm support, 2 arm supports, and control). Measurements were carried out before and after the 6-week intervention. The wrist extension of the mouse hand, the muscle activity of the trapezius muscle, and the subjective discomfort ratings indicated that 2 arm supports were better than 1 in work with a mouse. The Ergorest^® arm support alleviates muscle and joint strain in VDU work when used for both arms.     

含硫污水汽提装置的技术改造

洛阳石化总厂五联合装置对含硫污水汽提装置的技术改造，不改变塔体，仅采用新型梯型立体喷射塔盘就能使其处理能力扩大70％－100％，运行效果较好，对国内炼厂同类环保装置的扩改及推行清洁生产有借鉴之处。     

USE OF TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN HYDROGRAPH ESTIMATION1

ABSTRACT: Discharge hydrographs computed from the theory of linear flow through topologically random channel networks are compared to actual discharge hydrographs for basins in semiarid regions of central Wyoming. The basins drained by the channel networks range in size from 0.69 to 10.8 square miles. Topological information consisting of stream-network magnitude and link -length distribution parameters are used in calibrating celerity values that ensure that the peak discharge and excess rainfall volume of the resulting computed hydrographs match the peak discharge and excess-rainfall volume of the actual hydrographs. Results indicate that, for a given peak discharge and excess-rainfall volume in a basin, the sensitivity of the calibrated celerity values to excess-rainfall duration is small if the ratio of excess-rainfall volume to peak discharge is at least 1.75 times the excess-rainfall duration.     

某催化裂化装置生产过程中职业病危害因素调查

通过对催化裂化装置生产过程中职业病危害因素调查,找出职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出防护要求。