Electrochemical oxidation of recalcitrant organic compounds in biologically treated municipal solid waste leachate in a flow reactor

Biologically-treated municipal solid waste （MSW） leachate still contains many kinds of bit-recalcitrant organic matter. A new plate and frame electrochemical reactor was designed to treat these materials under flow conditions. In the electrochemical oxidation process, NH3 and color could be easily removed by means of electro-generated chlorinefaypochlorite within 20 min. The effects of major process parameters on the removal of organic pollutants were investigated systematically. Under experimental conditions, the optimum operation parameters were current density of 65 mA/cm^2, flow velocity of 2.6 cm/sec in electrode gap, and initial chloride ion concentration of 5000 mg/L. The COD in the leachate could be reduced below 100 mg/L after 1 hr of treatment. The kinetics and mechanism of COD removal were investigated by simultaneously monitoring the COD change and chlorine/hypochlorite production. The kinetics of COD removal exhibited a two-stage kinetic model, and the decrease of electro-generated chlorine/hypochlorite production was the major mechanism for the slowing down of the COD removal rate in the second stage. The narrowing of the electrode gap is beneficial for COD removal and energy consumption.     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场工艺设计及存在问题探讨

推广城市生活垃圾卫生填埋技术是迅速提高我国垃圾无害化处理率的有效办法。根据青铜峡市地理、水文等环境条件,以及该市垃圾组成成分的特点,设计了垃圾卫生填埋场的防渗处理系统,渗沥液收集处理系统和废气收集系统,并对设计中发现的问题进行分析,提出相应的建议,以期为类似地区、条件下垃圾卫生填埋场的设计和建设提供借鉴。     

厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场渗滤液水质水量变化规律的研究

为了减少生物反应器填埋场投资和运行费用,实现填埋场的快速稳定化,将厌氧型生物反应器填埋场(ANBL)和准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床(SAARB)串联,组成新型的厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场(AN-SABL).通过研究AN-SABL渗滤液水质水量变化规律,以期为其渗滤液的管理和处理提供理论依据.实验表明,AN-SABL具有较好的渗滤液削减作用,最高削减量可达到771 g·kg-1;而且AN-SABL渗滤液水质变化具有明显的阶段性特征,渗滤液中硝酸盐(包括亚硝酸盐)浓度和氨氮浓度分别受Eh值和pH值影响明显.AN-SABL能够有效去除渗滤液中的有机物,实验结束时,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液COD的去除率分别达到了98.49%和97.98%,二者的COD浓度仅为ANBL1号COD浓度的14.5%、21.1%;同时,AN-SABL有较好的脱氮作用,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液中氨氮浓度分别从最高值1 452 mg·L-1、1 409 mg·L-1下降至525 mg·L-1、459 mg·L-1,只有ANBL1号氨氮浓度的36.5%和31.9%.SAARB单元的脱氮除碳效果受TOC/TC值的影响明显,当渗滤液中TOC/TC下降到0.2左右后,SAARB单元对COD和TN的去除率分别从95%和93%以上降到了35.25%～69.56%和64.53%～77.45%之间.     

Effect of bio-column composed of aged refuse on methane abatement – A novel configuration of biological oxidation in refuse landfill

An experimental bio-column composed of aged refuse was installed around the exhaust pipe as a new way to mitigate methane in refuse landfill.One of the objectives of this work was to assess the effect of aged refuse thickness in bio-column on reducing CH 4 emissions.Over the study period,methane oxidation was observed at various thicknesses,5 cm (small size),10 cm (middle size) and 15 cm (large size),representing one to three times of pipeline diameters.The middle and large size both showed over 90% methane conversion,and the highest methane conversion rate of above 95% occurred in the middle-size column cell.Michaelis-Menten equation addressed the methanotrophs diffusion in different layers of the bio-columns.Maximum methanotrophic activity (V max) measured at the three thicknesses ranged from 6.4 × 10 3 to 15.6 × 10 3 units,and the half-saturation value (K M) ranged from 0.85% to 1.67%.Both the highest V max and K M were observed at the middle-size of the bio-column,as well as the largest methanotrophs population,suggesting a significant efficiency of methane mitigation happened in the optimum zone with greatest affinity and methanotrophic bacteria activities.Therefore,bio-column is a potential style for methane abatement in landfill,and the aged refuse both naturally formed and artificially placed in the column plays a critical role in CH 4 emission.     

黄土高原住区生活垃圾处理与资源化研究

以延安市为示范点对黄土高原住区生活垃圾的处理与资源化进行了研究。在对目前延安市生活垃圾特点和处理与资源化现状进行调查和分析的基础上 ,提出了以垃圾分类收集为关键 ,分别进行卫生填埋和焚烧的生活垃圾处理系统 ,并对卫生填埋和焚烧工艺的重要部分进行了设计     

解磷接种物对垃圾堆肥中难溶性磷酸盐的转化及在农业上的应用

为了提高城市垃圾堆肥的速效磷含量，对供试的７种垃圾堆肥的解磷强度及解磷微生物进行了分析，并以分离富集的解磷微生物制成解磷菌剂进行了青菜盆栽及大田小区对比试验。结果表明：供试垃圾的解磷强度一般为１１７００～１６１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ；每ｇ垃圾堆肥含３．５～８．６亿个解磷微生物。出现的解磷能力强的微生物有芽孢杆菌属（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）、假单胞菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｐ．）、节杆菌属（Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐｐ．）、黄杆菌属（Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）、产碱菌属（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｓｐｐ．）和赛氏杆菌属（Ｓｅｒｒａｔｉａｓｐｐ．）等。它们可分别使昆阳磷矿粉和／或摩洛哥磷矿粉释放２８４００～４６６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２９１００～３６９００ｍｇ／ｋｇ可溶性磷，利用解磷接种物可使垃圾堆肥提高２３～２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ速效磷，在往堆肥中添加植物物质和磷矿粉的情况下效果更好。将拌有解磷菌剂的垃圾堆肥在红壤荒地上施用，对青菜有良好的增产效果。     

污泥与城市垃圾混合堆肥技术

本文介绍了城市污水处理厂污泥与城市生活垃圾混合堆肥技术,对温度、C/N、含水率、通风量等因素对堆肥的影响和物料平衡、无害化以及堆肥肥效等作了阐述.     

深圳盐田垃圾场对周围土壤污染状况分析

结合深圳市盐田区垃圾场处置工程,对垃圾场周围土壤污染状况进行了分析研究。结果表明,盐田垃圾场主场垃圾已对周围环境造成二次污染：除Ｈｇ、Ｎｉ含量降低外,低位土壤的其余重金属含量大于高位土壤表明周围土壤已受到垃圾堆放场的重金属污染。     

上海市某生活垃圾中转站污染特征

通过对上海市某生活垃圾中转压缩站产生的污水以及恶臭气体进行为期1年的监测和分析,研究了其污染产生的状况和变化规律。结果表明:中转站产生的垃圾压滤污水呈弱酸性,pH变化范围为5.2～6.5,污水中主要污染物SS、BOD5、CODCr、氨氮和总磷的浓度范围分别为2.00～218.21 g/L、5.50～35.20 g/L、12.06～70.60 g/L、141～909.5mg/L和31～204 mg/L,中转站压滤污水中污染物浓度大体呈现夏秋季节高而冬春季节低的特征。中转站内气体污染物中H2S、NH3气体浓度范围分别为0.005～0.20 mg/m3和0.59～2.205 mg/m3。挥发性有机物VOCs中1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、间二甲苯等污染物在10-1～103μg/m3之间变化。中转站污染指标和环境因素的相关分析及PCA结果表明,温度与压滤污水主要水质指标和臭气浓度气体指标存在着相关性,而H2S、NH3气体污染物与水质相关性较小。     

塔式矿化垃圾生物反应床处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的效能研究

通过正交试验研究了固液比、进水COD和运行周期对塔式矿化垃圾生物反应床处理垃圾渗滤液的性能影响.小试试验结果表明,在温度为10～37 ℃条件下,固液比是影响污染物去除性能的关键因素.现场中试研究表明,在水力负荷为0.267～0.444 m3/d(以每立方米矿化垃圾计)条件下,出水COD和出水氨氮基本满足国家二级排放标准.塔式矿化垃圾生物反应床是一种高效低耗的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺.