管式加热炉间壁式空气预热器现状分析及方案优化

管式加热炉排出的高温烟气夹带大量的热量,降低排烟温度、减少排烟热损失可以提高加热炉的热效率,以目前常用的烟气直接预热空气和烟气间接预热空气两个方案进行对比分析,找出存在问题,并对烟气预热器的结构、排列方式进行改进,降低管式加热炉的能耗。     

水力负荷对矿化垃圾反应器处理渗滤液效果的影响

构建3个微曝气(0.1 L/min)矿化垃圾反应器进行渗滤液处理,研究较长时期内不同水力负荷对矿化垃圾处理渗滤液效果的影响。结果表明:随着水力负荷的增加,反应器对渗滤液中有机污染物和氮污染物的降解能力降低。在试验运行稳定阶段,水力负荷为28,42,56 L/(m3·d)时,COD平均去除率分别为88%、66%、56%;NH+4-N平均去除率分别为94%、90%、71%;TN平均去除率分别为52%、50%、45%。当水力负荷42 L/(m3·d)时出现NO-2-N累积现象,且水力负荷越大NO-2-N累积越严重。建议微曝气矿化垃圾反应器处理渗滤液过程中水力负荷不宜大于42 L/(m3·d)。     

Effect of environmental factors on the complexation of iron and humic acid

A method of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and off-line graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed to assess the complexation properties of iron (Fe) and humic acid (HA) in a water environment. The factors affecting the complexation of Fe and HA, such as ionic strength, pH, temperature and UV radiation, were investigated. The Fe-HA complex residence time was also studied. Experimental results showed that pH could influence the deprotonation of HA and hydrolysis of Fe, and thus affected the complexation of Fe and HA. The complexation was greatly disrupted by the presence of NaCl. Temperature had some influence on the complexation. The yield of Fe-HA complexes showed a small decrease at high levels of UV radiation, but the effect of UV radiation on Fe-HA complex formation at natural levels could be neglected. It took about 10 hr for the complexation to reach equilibrium, and the Fe-HA complex residence time was about 20 hr. Complexation of Fe and HA reached a maximum level under the conditions of pH 6, very low ionic strength, in the dark and at a water temperature of about 25°C, for 10 hr. It was suggested that the Fe-HA complex could form mainly in freshwater bodies and reach high levels in the warm season with mild sunlight radiation. With changing environmental parameters, such as at lower temperature in winter or higher pH and ionic strength in an estuary, the concentration of the Fe-HA complex would decrease.     

昆明城市生活垃圾处理产业发展的SWOT分析研究

随着城市化进程的深入,生活垃圾问题日益突出,城市生活垃圾处理产业的发展是解决“垃圾围城”困境的有效途径.昆明城市生活垃圾处理产业处于发展阶段,运用态势分析法(SWOT),系统地对昆明城市生活垃圾处理产业发展的优势、劣势、所存在的机会和威胁进行分析,并提出相应发展对策,包括完善生活垃圾处理.产业的经济激励机制;采用多种项目融资模式进行生活垃圾产业建设融资;加快静脉产业园区建设发展;打造再生资源回收利用的龙头企业;积极控制生活垃圾源头;建立垃圾排放权交易等.     

分解炉分级燃烧降氮脱硝技术的研究与应用

低NOx高温燃烧技术与大容积分解炉系统有机结合，具有热效率高、分解炉温度分布均匀、降氮脱硝、NOx排放浓度低等特点。文章介绍了高温分级燃烧技术在水泥窑中的应用，重点分析了分级燃烧、降氮脱硝在分解炉系统中的应用原理，以及推广的价值。     

高炉共处置铜渣中Cu、Fe元素还原的热力学分析

铜渣的组成分析表明渣中Cu元素主要以Cu2S和Cu2O形式存在,Fe元素主要以Fe2SiO4、Fe3O4及少量FeO形式存在。对利用高炉共处置铜渣过程中Cu、Fe元素还原反应的热力学分析表明,铜渣中的含铜化合物在高炉上部下部均可反应,Fe2SiO4主要在高炉的中下部还原,Ca O的存在有利于Fe2SiO4的间接还原和直接还原。     

邯钢炼铁系统粉尘污染防治技术分析

重点介绍了邯钢新建2000m^3高炉（7^#高炉）出铁场和槽下上料系统粉尘污染治理方面的成功经验，并对应用电除尘器处理粉尘的技术进行了简要分析。     

An LCA model for waste incineration enhanced with new technologies for metal recovery and application to the case of Switzerland

A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO₂-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO₂-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO₂-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO₂-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO₂-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles.     

垃圾渗滤液生化处理——膜过滤综合处理工艺研究

本文介绍了对垃圾渗滤液采用强化复合厌氧生物床反应器(ECAB) 好氧反应器(复合式SBR) 混凝后处理 超滤 纳滤的生物化集成处理的技术路线,工艺系统运行稳定,对有机物及总氮的去除效果良好,处理出水达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》(GB16889-1997)一级标准,且处理成本较低。文章并对存在的问题进行了分析。     

基于复杂地形-气象场的二噁英污染物沉降研究

为了解复杂地形-气象场条件下二噁英类污染物环境影响,选取我国西南某代表性山地,利用CALPUFF预测区域垃圾焚烧、医废与危废项目二噁英类污染物的环境影响,并通过土壤实测数据进行模型分析验证.结果显示：复杂地形-气象场条件下,同一区域不同空间下的风向与风速将会出现明显差异,CALMET气象模块可结合相关资料,模拟计算出可信较高的复杂气象场文件;模型预测显示,在复杂地形-气象场条件下,项目排放的二噁英在土壤中的沉降位置、方向与全年主导风向不完全一致.研究区域土壤沉降量为0.86×10^-3~9.84×10-1ngTEQ/m²;模型模拟医废与垃圾焚烧、危废项目沉降数据与监测数据相关性R分别为0.854,0.287,说明CALPUFF模式在复杂地形-气象场条件下模拟周边土壤二噁英空间分布有一定可信度.