平均网损系数法在过网网损分摊中的应用分析

针对多年来一直争论的过网网损分摊公平性问题,从功率平衡角度阐述了过网网损的本质。然后从过网网损本质和电力市场的公平性原则出发,深入分析了现有应用于过网网损计算的平均网损系数法模型,在此基础上提出了一种新的模型,该模型采用转供网送出功率与全网网损率的乘积作为过网网损,在完成过网网损计算的同时自动将过网网损合理分摊至区域内各受电主体。该模型一方面能够反映转供网送出功率与过网网损之间的关系,符合过网网损本质属性;另一方面区域内各主体采取降低自身电网网损的措施,在降低自身电网过网网损分摊量的同时,也降低了过网网损,即该模型对降低过网网损具有明确积极的指导意义。     

Efficient regional ozone control strategies for the eastern United States

When environmental regulatory bodies formulate control plans, it is incumbent upon them to try to achieve the stated goals in an economically efficient manner. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is presently developing regulations to limit the influence of transported ozone on areas that are having difficulty meeting the ambient air quality standard. EPA has proposed stringent control measures for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in 22 states of the eastern US. The strategy would necessitate the use of selective catalytic reduction or similar high-performance technology on almost all major power plants in the region, as well as extensive controls on industrial sources. This paper suggests several alternative approaches that would achieve equal or better environmental improvement at lower cost. These include focusing control efforts on sources closer to the North-east Corridor, pushing controls on close-in sources to a higher level of technology performance, and relaxing the stringency of requirements for states remote from ozone problem areas. All the approaches examined are two to three times more cost-effective than EPA's proposed approach in the North-east Corridor.     

区域火灾风险评估模型研究的理论与实践

首先立足于风险研究这个大背景下,在理论上对风险的概念进行了比较分析。然后针对水灾的风险根据其研究与实践中的侧重点不同,分为“损失可能性”学派、“未来损失”学派以及“损失不确定性”三个学派。在此基础上,分析了水灾风险的不确定性,从而提出了易于概率论和可能性理论的水灾风险定义,并将此定义应用于区域水灾风险评估的模型中。最后,探讨了水灾风险评估研究的问题与对其未来的展望。     

中国科技人才资源区域差异与类型

中国科技人才资源的地区和部门分布具有明显的区域差异.在三大地带间、地区内和各省市间差异程度不同且有扩大趋势,在三个重要部门中配置也表现出明显的地域差异.根据科技人才资源赋存状况及部门配置的区位熵值,将各省市区分成5种类型:科技人才资源高度型、中高度型、中度型、中低度型、低度型,这些区域类型与我国的区域经济发展格局相适应.     

MAPPING REGIONAL PRECIPITATION INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY ESTIMATES1

ABSTRACT: For regional precipitation frequency analyses, methods are needed to spatially interpolate or smooth point intensity duration frequency (IDF) estimates at gage sites for the purposes of visualization and estimation at ungaged sites. In this study to update IDF estimates for Michigan, the assumption is made that for practical purposes, the entire state may be treated as a homogeneous region in which annual maximum precipitation is identically distributed at each site apart from a site‐specific scaling factor, commonly known as the index flood. Several interpolation and smoothing techniques are evaluated for IDF estimation at ungaged sites, including trend surface analysis, thin plate splines, inverse distance weighting, and several kriging algorithms. Ordinary block kriging is recommended as a practical and objective method for smoothing the variability in the index flood values and developing isopluvial maps.     

大西南旅游资源的评价与开发

大西南的旅游资源丰富而独特，但开发程度低、经营粗放、发展整体性差、组合效益低．本文根据近年来的研究，从大西南的整体对其旅游资源进行分区及评价、并分析其开发的市场条件，提出了开发途径。     

连续采样和间断采样监测大气中SO2平均浓度的研究

本文通过对连续采样和间断采样监测大气ＳＯ２浓度的对比实验数据进行分析，认为２４ｈ逐时间断采样的ＳＯ２浓度平均值和连续采样的ＳＯ２日平均浓度之间没有偏差，而几个时刻间断采样的平均值与连续值采样的日平均浓度存在显著性差异。     

模糊数学在四川省自然灾害区划中的应用

本文通过对四川省自然灾害分布规律的系统分析,提出其区划的原则和要求,并引入模糊聚类的方法,对四川省自然灾害进行分区划片,目的是为区域规划提供减灾的重点方向。     

GROUND WATER OF THE ISLAND OF MONTREAL,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: The geochemistry and nature of the flow of ground water not only control the supply potential but constitute clues to the whole geology of an area. A study has been made of the largest available assemblage of data from 161 wells for the Island of Montreal collected by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1951–53. Data indicated that the system is generally subartesian, flowing from the principal topographically high areas towards the shores of the Island. As the probable use is about 13% of the estimated recharge of 140 million liters per day, most wells could be supplied by local recharge. The study has confirmed the predominance of calcium bicarbonate ground water from the carbonate sequence. The waters appeared to be saturated with respect to CaCO₃ in all but 10 wells. The presence of other types of waters suggests the effects of the igneous intrusions of the area, the post-glacial marine submergence and the upward movement of waters from deep sources through fault and other structural zones. Confirmation of the significant variations in chemical composition in some neighboring wells indicated the future need for repetitive sampling from specific horizons for chemical and isotopic analyses.     

AN EX POST ANALYSIS OF THE UNCOMPAHGRE PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: The national and regional economic impact of the Bureau of Reclamation's Uncompahgre Project which was authorized in 1903 is assessed. Benefit-cost ratios for the project are calculated for a range of production cost estimates and discount rates. An economic base approach is used to estimate the project's regional economic impact. Although the project has been marginal in terms of an economic efficiency rationale it has been an important impetus to regional economic growth in the Uncompahgre Region over time.