Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eeo-efficiency“ in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption,environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique,principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao‘s Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.     

面向区域可持续发展的信息特征分类

区域可持续发展是可持续发展在时间、空间和构成要素上的含义的具体化。信息特征分类是区域可持续发展研究的基础内容之一。区域可持续发展的信息特征具有时空性和复杂性的特点。在总结前人区域可持续发展相关研究的基础上，提出区域可持续发展信息特征分类的原则和综合分类方法。依据区域可持续发展的三维系统理论（即区域系统在时间上／代际之间的公平，空闻上（区域内和区域间）发展的平等和区域系统各要素闻的协调）。在将区域可持续发展系统的信息特征分为时间特征、空间特征和要素构成特征的基础上，初步建立区域可持续发展多维信息特征分类的框架及其编码。并给出具体应用实例。这对于区域可持续发展信息的共事，区域可持续发展数据模型的研究以及区域可持续发展的评价等具有重要的意义。     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Westem Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Advantages of tourism resources in the ＂periphery regions＂ should be fully utilized, and ＂multi-tourism＂ meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The ＂multi-tourism development model＂ can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

我国区域土壤侵蚀与环境研究述评

区域土壤侵蚀与环境研究，是在比较大的中间尺度和较长的时间尺度上，对土壤侵蚀发生发展过程、土壤侵蚀因子、土壤侵蚀定量评价方法，以及土壤侵蚀治理对环境的影响进行研究的科学与技术体系。该领域的研究，即能直接为国家水土保持宏观决策提供支持，又能揭示土壤侵蚀的宏观规律，并于全球变化研究相联系。我国在该领域的研究主要概括四个方面，包括：①区域土壤侵蚀因子研究，是为认识土壤侵蚀环境特征和进行土壤侵蚀定量评价的基础，②区域土壤侵蚀评价研究，包括调查制图、定性评价和定量评价等，是该研究服务于水土保持实践的基本途径；③水土保持的环境效应研究，是从另外一个视角对土壤侵蚀环境与水土流失及其治理关系的认识。是确切评估水土保持效益，保证水土保持工作健康持续稳定发展的基础。今后应尽快开发区域水土流失定量评价模型，并在区域尺度上对环境效应的方式、范围、程度和发展趋势做出综合计价和分析预测。     

Identifying Sighting Clusters of Endangered Taxa with Historical Records

Abstract: The probability and time of extinction of taxa is often inferred from statistical analyses of historical records. Many of these analyses require the exclusion of multiple records within a unit of time (i.e., a month or a year). Nevertheless, spatially explicit, temporally aggregated data may be useful for identifying clusters of sightings (i.e., sighting clusters) in space and time. Identification of sighting clusters highlights changes in the historical recording of endangered taxa. I used two methods to identify sighting clusters in historical records: the Ederer–Myers–Mantel (EMM) test and the space–time permutation scan (STPS). I applied these methods to the spatially explicit sighting records of three species of orchids that are listed as endangered in the Republic of Ireland under the Wildlife Act (1976): Cephalanthera longifolia, Hammarbya paludosa, and Pseudorchis albida. Results with the EMM test were strongly affected by the choice of the time interval, and thus the number of temporal samples, used to examine the records. For example, sightings of P. albida clustered when the records were partitioned into 20‐year temporal samples, but not when they were partitioned into 22‐year temporal samples. Because the statistical power of EMM was low, it will not be useful when data are sparse. Nevertheless, the STPS identified regions that contained sighting clusters because it uses a flexible scanning window (defined by cylinders of varying size that move over the study area and evaluate the likelihood of clustering) to detect them, and it identified regions with high and regions with low rates of orchid sightings. The STPS analyses can be used to detect sighting clusters of endangered species that may be related to regions of extirpation and may assist in the categorization of threat status.     

清远扶贫区经济与环境协调发展对策

本文分析了环境对经济社会发展的重要意义,阐述了经济与环境的辨证关系以及扶贫区经济发展对环境的影响,提出了扶贫区经济与环境协调发展的对策。     

Organophosphate dichlorvos induced dose‐related differential alterations in lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in various regions of the fish brain and spinal cord

Abstract

The effect of dichlorvos (DDVP) (0–0, dimethyl 2: 2‐dichlorovinyl phosphate), on various lipid fractions and lipid peroxidation in the discrete areas of the brain and spinal cord were studied in the fresh water teleost (Heteropneustes fossilis). Fishes were exposed to three different doses (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 ppm) of DDVP daily for 7 days. Dose‐related increase in the levels of total lipids, cholesterol and esterified fatty acids was detected in the fore brain, optic lobes, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. However, phospholipids were significantly decreased in the aforementioned regions of the central nervous system. The rate of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in all the regions of the CNS.     

基于农户满意度的土地整理项目绩效评价及区域差异研究

农村土地整理项目具有公共产品特征,其绩效评价不仅需要从"生产面或供给面"入手,还应从"消费面或需求面"展开。农户使用满意度是土地整理项目绩效的终端评价,对于改善项目绩效、促进农村土地整理可持续发展意义更加重大。从农户满意度视角,构建土地整理项目绩效评价指标体系,运用问卷调查和顾客满意度评价法(CSI评价法)对我国农村土地整理项目绩效及其区域差异进行实证研究。研究发现:①我国土地整理项目农户满意度绩效值为4.12,总体上处于"优秀"水平等级;②存在由经济发展水平和农户自身特征引起的土地整理项目绩效区域差异和农户差异;东、中部地区项目的绩效总体水平要高于西部地区。③当前土地整理项目总体上在降低生产成本、后期工程管护等2个指标绩效水平表现不足,是今后土地整理项目建设中需要着重关注和改善的方面。研究结果为我国土地整理工作提供了重要的政策启示。     

Importance of Sulfate Aerosol in Evaluating the Relative Contributions of Regional Emissions to the Historical Global Temperature Change

During the negotiations of the KyotoProtocol the delegation of Brazil presentedan approach for distributing the burden ofemissions reductions among the Partiesbased on the effect of their cumulativehistorical emissions on the global-averagenear-surface temperature. The Letter tothe Parties does not limit the emissions tobe considered to be only greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions. Thus, in this paper weexplore the importance of anthropogenicSO_x emissions that are converted tosulfate aerosol in the atmosphere, togetherwith the cumulative greenhouse gasemissions, in attributing historicaltemperature change. We use historicalemissions and our simple climate model toestimate the relative contributions toglobal warming of the regional emissions byfour Parties: OECD90, Africa and LatinAmerica, Asia, and Eastern Europe and theFormer Soviet Union. Our results show thatfor most Parties the large warmingcontributed by their GHG emissions islargely offset by the correspondingly largecooling by their SO_x emissions. Thus,OECD90 has become the dominant contributorto recent global warming following itslarge reduction in SO_x emissions after1980.     

REGIONAL RUNOFF SIMULATION FOR SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN1

ABSTRACT: The feasibility of simulating monthly runoff for southeast Michigan, which comprises four major river basins, was evaluated with the Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation watershed model. The evaluation covered a 13-year period (1961–73), which encompassed a complete runoff cycle. Results indicate it is feasible to simulate monthly runoff volumes on a regional scale with a single equivalent watershed by using daily precipitation and temperature data. Simulation of regional flows appears particularly attractive for the Great Lakes basin, since the basin consists of many relatively small watersheds. This method also appears promising for development of monthly runoff forecasts by employing average monthly meteorological data distributed on a daily basis. Tests of six-month runoff forecasts show relatively small deterioration with time and offer considerable improvement over climatology.