黄土高原半干旱区侧柏林群落土壤呼吸日变化及季节动态变化特征

Desertification is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems around Qinghai Lake. Based on GIS and RS, GIS analysis was used to obtain the information of spatial-temporal change and different pattern of desertification in each county around Qinghai Lake in four phases of 1976, 1987, 1995 and 2006. Using the function of intersect and overlay supported by ARCGIS, with analyzing attributes of vector RS images, we obtained transition data and established transfer matrix of land-use types in recent 30 years, besides, protracted land-use transition maps of all desertification classes. In further, we analyzed transition quantity and direction of desertification in each county, moreover, reconstructed the process of spatial-temporal evolution of desertification. The results are showed below: (1) it′s the transition between desertified land and others but not in the desertified that played the main role in Gangcha and Gonghe County, while the transfer between desertified lands were greater than that with other land-use types in Haiyan County. (2) Extremely severe desertified land mainly distributes in Ketu and Sand Islands that belongs to Haiyan County, and moderate desertified land in riversides of Gangcha County, also, the light desertification expanded too rapidly to become the most desertified land-use type in the surrounding of Qinghai Lake since 1976. (3) By using relative change rate of desertified land, the regional variability rank from top to toe was Gangcha, Haiyan and Gonghe.     

The circular economy in China

This article makes an attempt to answer the three questions of why China is devoting its full effort to promoting a circular economy, what a circular economy is, and how to implement a circular economy in China. The evolutionary process of a circular economy in China, from introduction of the concept and the relevant actions of national decision making to demonstration of the system nationwide, has taken only around 6 years, with strong encouragement from politicians and the urgent need to cope with environmental pollution and a severe shortage of natural resources. The circular economy in China is now being actively implemented at three levels: enterprises, eco-industrial parks, and regions. The consolidated theoretical bases of ecology and economics have helped the circular economy to define its position as a new economic model to effectively resolve the problems of resources and the environment. In this regard, material flow management is naturally a unique planning and management method for implementation of a circular economy, and eco-efficiency is a good indicator to measure circular economic activities. Of particular significance has been initiation of the legislative process for the Circular Economy Law, which is among a number of initiatives developing core policies for a circular economy in China. Stringent enforcement of a set of policies for energy saving and pollution abatement nowadays in China will certainly create an enabling environment for the development of a circular economy.     

核电厂运行人员可靠性研究中若干问题的分析

对已有人因可靠性分析模型进行归纳总结,结合核电厂运行人员可靠性研究实际,对人因分类、人因建模、数据采样及人因数据库完善等方面存在的问题进行分析,并提出可能的解决办法或研究方向:在人因分类方式上,要加强因素之间的细化程度,以降低评价的模糊性;在人因量化方面,要重点考虑其所依赖的HRA模型、数学依据、结果精确度等3个方面的影响;对待数据采集的问题,规范性数据采集平台的构建是确保数据一致性的关键措施,并有利于不同HRA模型之间接口相容性问题的解决;人因数据库管理系统的智能决策功能是研发设计的趋势。     

国家竞争优势论对泛珠三角区域合作的启示

国家竞争优势论是我国目前较流行的国际贸易理论学说,它无论在国家层面还是在区域层面,均对制定相应的区域发展战略具有积极的作用。基于对波特关于国家竞争优势论的理解,阐述了它对我国开展泛珠三角区域合作的若干启示。     

区域旅游协同发展及其理论依据与研究意义

区域旅游协同发展是区域旅游合作的高级形式,应以系统理论、比较优势理论、资源赋存理论、梯度推移理论为基本理论依据。它是实现区域旅游规模经济的必要条件,解决地区旅游经济发展不平衡的重要途径,发挥地区旅游资源比较优势的有效手段,满足旅游者求异心理、提高游客满意度的重要方法。区域旅游整体形象建设的重要举措与旅游规划的重要指导思想对区域旅游发展在理论上与实践上都具有重要意义。     

层次分析法在区域湖泊水资源可持续发展评价中的应用

依据可持续发展理论,区域可持续发展系统一般由人口、资源、环境、经浊和社会五个子系统组成。本文从四个方面（人对资源环境的需求;资源环境的需求;经济发展的需求;社会发展的需求）提出区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的５指标体系。并用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,用于评价区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的保证程度,结果表明：区域湖泊水资源可持续发展指标体系的２６个指标中,与人民群众生活息息相关的居民对水物满意程度（Ｐ１３）     

重大危险源区域事故应急非结构化模糊决策应用研究

针对目前我国应对重大危险源突发事故的管理和决策主要依赖于相关领导或专家掌握的知识及经验的现状,将非结构化模糊决策方法(Non-structural Fuzzy Decision Method,NSFDM)和事故后果模拟方法相结合,以区域范围内受重大危险源潜在事故影响的企业为决策对象,以减小事故影响范围,降低事故严重程度为目标,建立起重大危险源区域事故应急决策的多准则决策方法,以期帮助安监职能部门优化配置应急救援资源,提高应急响应绩效,减少国家和人民的经济和财产损失。以广州市某公司丙烷储罐区为实例,在对其进行沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸(Boiling Liquid Expanding Va-por Explosion,BLEVE)事故模拟的基础上,运用非结构化模糊决策方法,对该丙烷储罐区BLEVE事故的处理,提供了应急决策支持。     

可持续发展与区域环境规划

可持续发展理论对区域环境规划提出了新的要求。本文介绍了可持续发展与传统发展模式的不同之处，并对如何将可持续发展理念融入到区域环境规划的各个阶段中，提出了相关建议。     

A Successful Pilot Project of Decentralized Household Waste Management in Brazil

Summary Present municipal waste management paradigms in Brazil do not allow for flexible approaches to solving an extremely dynamic problem. This paper discusses the basic flaws in present thinking models of residents and municipal administrators. Fundamental arguments presented on municipal solid waste relate to nomenclature, destinations, definitions, logistics, social dynamics, social assistance programs, education and employment philosophies. In each case, the consequences of the stalemate are explained in terms of the unsustainable situation of constantly growing landfills. In sequence, a proactive thinking model is presented and explained that has the potential of drastically reducing landfill size. It is called Municipal Transit Material Processing. The model has been tested successfully in small communities and is now available for scale-up. The landfill diversion achieved stands at 62% of household waste in comparison with 15% theoretically possible in Brazil with selective collection models. Although of necessity the arguments apply directly to Brazil, the basic ideas behind the reasoning may be extrapolated to other Southern countries. The following simple example will illustrate to the reader the type of paradigm inversion the paper proposes to convey. The classical political slogan in Brazil is “get children out of garbage dumps”. The inversion proposed and explained is “do away with garbage dumps”.     

ESTIMATING STREAMFLOW AND ASSOCIATED HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY,THE MID‐ATLANTIC REGION,USA1

ABSTRACT: Methods to estimate streamflow and channel hydraulic geometry were developed for unpaged streams in the Mid‐Atlantic Region. Observed mean annual streamflow and associated hydraulic geometry data from 75 gaging stations in the Appalachian Plateau, the Ridge and Valley, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces of the Mid‐Atlantic Region were used to develop a set of power functions that relate streamflow to drainage area and hydraulic geometry to streamflow. For all three physiographic provinces, drainage area explained 95 to 98 percent of the variance in mean annual streamflow. Relationships between mean annual streamflow and water surface width and mean flow depth had coefficients of determination that ranged from R²= 0.55 to R²= 0.91, but the coefficient of determination between mean flow velocity and mean annual streamflow was lower (R²= 0.44 to R²= 0.54). The advantages of using the regional regression models to estimate streamflow over a conceptual model or a water balance model are its ease of application and reduced input data needs. The prediction of the regression equations were tested with data collected as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). In addition, equations to transfer streamflow from gaged to ungaged streams are presented.