可持续发展战略与长江流域经济开发

可持续发展已 成为世界性话题和全球共同任务。流江流域经济开发必须走可持续发展之路,”决不能吃粗宗饭,断子孙路,走浪费资源和先污染,后治理的路子”。长江流域淡水,矿产,生物旅游景观人才智力等资源丰富,但也存在对经济社会发展 不利的制约因素。必须扭转流域经济开发中重开发轻治理,急功近得、“靠山吃山、靠水吃水”开发目标单一等作法,实行统敌兼顾,分工协作;治理开发,综合利用;优势互补,利益均沾;细水长流,     

广东省跨市河流边界水质控制断面方案讨论

在对广东省主要跨市河流进行详细调查的基础上，分析现有跨市河流边界水质控制断面的存在问题；综合考虑跨市河段的地理位置、水体现状功能及水环境敏感性等因素，并兼顾上、下游地区社会经济发展现状及趋势，建议在新丰江、增江、韩江、灞江、绥江、西南涌、西江干流、榕江、枫江等河道新设边界水质控制断面13个，在全省共布设38个断面，构成广东省跨市河流边界水质达标管理的监测体系。文章还建议，要尽快制定广东省跨市河流边界水质保护条例，为加强广东跨市河流边界水质的达标管理，解决上下游地区之问的污染纠纷提供法律依据。     

含莠去津和乙草胺河水灌溉对苗期水稻危害的研究

本文以１９８８、１９９２和１９９３年洋河流域张家口市部分水稻田污染受害事故为背景，通过事故现场调查资料分析、洋河水质监测、宣化区污染源调查、水稻的药害暴露实验和模型计算，研究了含有除草剂莠去津和乙草胺的河水灌溉对苗期水稻的危害。结果显示，河水中莠去津和乙草胺对水稻苗期的安全灌溉浓度分别为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ；河水中莠去津对水稻的致死浓度是０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；ｐＨ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ和表面活性剂对这种危害作用具有一定的协同效应；为了满足河水对水稻的灌溉水质要求，污染源允许排放的莠去津和乙草胺分别为１．０ｋｇ／ｄ和２．０ｋｇ／ｄ。     

Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the Atoya river basin, Chinandega, Nicaragua

The hydrographic basin of the Atoya river, located in the Department of Chinandega, one of the main cotton producing regions in Nicaragua, is intensively contaminated by pesticides. Samples of river waters and sediments, as well as strategically selected wells have been analyzed to study variations in the concentrations of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues between the dry season (November-April) and the rainy season (May-June). Generally, higher concentrations of pesticides have been detected in the river waters and sediments in the dry season. DDT, DDD, DDE compounds and toxaphene are the most frequent organochlorine residues found in the water and sediment samples, while endrin, aldrin, dieldrin and lindane are mainly found in the waters of rivers and wells. Organophosphorus compounds were rarely detected. However, residues of ethion, methyl-parathion and ethyl-parathion were found in high concentrations in some river and well water samples. Generally, organochlorine compounds tend to accumulate in the fine grain-size fractions, rich in organic matter, except DDE, which concentrates basically in the coarse grain-size fractions.     

城市富营养化河道复合酶-原位生物修复技术研究

研究了复合酶类生物激活物质对河道中微生物的作用机理,通过测定河道中微生物的生化呼吸线、细菌数、脱氢酶、纤维素酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的酶活性来表征生物激活物质对河道自净过程的促进作用。研究结果表明,复合酶污水净化剂对微生物活性具有激活作用,累积耗氧量明显增加,酶激活率达到14％～136％,有效增强了水体的自净能力。复合酶原位生物修复技术在上海、北京和福州等多条受严重污染的富营养化河道的工程应用表明,复合酶污水净化剂在不同的地域条件下均可发挥良好的作用,具有安全、高效和适用性广等特点。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR TIME SERIES MODELS FOR WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Surface water quality data are routinely collected in river basins by state or federal agencies. The observed quality of river water generally reflects the overall quality of the ecosystem of the river basin. Advanced statistical methods are often needed to extract valuable information from the vast amount of data for developing management strategies. Among the measured water quality constituents, total phosphorus is most often the limiting nutrient in freshwater aquatic systems. Relatively low concentrations of phosphorus in surface waters may create eutrophication problems. Phosphorus is a non-conservative constituent. Its time series generally exhibits nonlinear behavior. Linear models are shown to be inadequate. This paper presents a nonlinear state-dependent model for the phosphorous data collected at DeSoto, Kansas. The nonlinear model gives significant reductions in error variance and forecasting error as compared to the best linear autoregressive model identified.     

干旱区内陆河流域景观生态建设

干旱区内陆河流域因其干旱、风沙及盐碱的自然环境,加之盲目开垦荒地、不合理利用水资源等人为因素的影响,改变了原有的生态平衡,形成了脆弱的生态环境和特殊的景观格局。其景观呈现出以荒漠为基质,河流廊道为核心对称分布的水域湿地－林（草）地－荒漠的宏观局格。由于水是干旱区内陆河流域的关键因素,为了合理利用水资源,积极发挥人的作用,从景观生态学理论与方法的角度,提出了以河流廊道建设、植被景观建设、绿洲景观建设为核心的生态建设方案,以增加内陆河流域整个生态体系的容载力和稳定性。     

黄泛平原的土壤侵蚀灾害及防治对策

本文阐述了黄泛平原土壤侵蚀的特点，对侵蚀的形式、程度及严重危害，作了比较详细的分析，并从宏观上提出了一些防治对策。     

乐安江水和沉积物样品的生物毒性评估

采用二种发光菌发光抑制、二种藻生长抑制、大型溲生和慢性毒性多种生物测试方法。对采集于１９９３年６月，１９９３年１２月和１９９４１０月的乐安江可水、沉积物和沉积物间隙不进行了多指标生物毒性测试，在河流４０，５０和１５９ｋｍ处观测到较强毒性，研究结果：毒性排放主要来自乐安江上游德兴铜矿、洎不河，以及乐安江下游接近鄱阳湖口和沉积物中重金属的释放。     

淮河(江苏段)水体有机氯农药的污染水平

分别采集淮河丰水期和枯水期次表层水样 ,并用气相色谱 电子捕集检测器分析其中1 6种有机氯农药 .水体中总HCHs含量介于 1 1 1— 7 5 5ng·l- 1 ,总DDTs含量介于 4 45—78 87ng·l- 1 .水体中DDT/(DDE DDD)比值较大 ,表明此类化合物环境滞留期较长 ;六六六的两种异构体α/γ比值接近 1 ,表明近期可能有此类物质输入淮河水域 .有机氯农药的总量在 2 6 2 7— 1 2 4 39ng·l- 1 之间 .