福建三钢集团生态质量评估方法的研究

针对钢铁企业生态质量问题,提出一种基于相对贴近度的评价方法。首先,分析福建三钢集团现状,建立钢铁企业生态指标评价体系;其次,采用实数、区间数等2种不同类型评价指标信息,提出各个钢铁企业生态关于正理想解的相对贴近度计算方法,据此确定钢铁企业生态质量水平,并具体给出其评价步骤;最后,通过三钢集团具体数据分析说明该方法的有效性和合理性。     

干湿球湿度仪在电子束辐照烟气脱硫脱硝工业试验中的应用研究

介绍了自制湿度仪的设计思想、测湿原理、系统构成和在电子束辐照烟气脱硫脱硝工业试验装置中的应用情况。试验表明,该仪器能够准确地连续检测烟气湿度,并具有较强的耐腐蚀、耐污染性能,较好地适应了工业试验装置这种湿度大、腐蚀性强、烟尘浓度高的复杂烟气条件。     

比生物絮凝因子作为絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥颗粒化指标的研究

研究了间歇投加微生物絮凝剂MBF21和阳离子PAM对厌氧污泥颗粒化的作用规律在此基础上考察了污泥的比生物絮凝因子与厌氧污泥的粒径间的关系.研究表明,污泥的比生物絮凝因子与污泥的粒径呈正相关微生物絮凝剂组、阳离子PAM组及对照组中厌氧污泥的比生物絮凝因子BF/BF0分别增加至42.65、40.45、21.89;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组污泥的BF/BF0分别提高了94.8%和84.8%.相应的污泥平均粒径分别增加至1.04、1.13、0.63mm;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组的污泥平均粒径分别增加了65.1%和79.4%.     

洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别方法

洁净室空气洁净程度的高低属于模糊概念,将各评价样本实测指标矩阵转变为相对隶属度矩阵,同时将各标准模式指标标准值矩阵转变为指标准相对隶属度矩阵,以全体样本对于各标准模式间的加权广义距离平方和最小建立目标函数,经构造拉格朗日函数,建立了洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别模型。斗净室洁净程度评价是一个多目标评价问题,提出了确定指标权重的主、客观结合法,即先建立求解各指标权重的迭代模型并求出指标权重的初始值,然后根据评价的经验,采用重要性语气算子调整各指标的相对隶属度,对初始值进行调整,归一化后得到合理的指标权重值,经计算实例验证,本建立的模式识别方法物理意义明确,评价结果符合实际。     

清洁生产审核目标设置与验证新方法——EP相对法

本文通过对现行清洁生产审核目标两种设置方法——总量法和单位指标法进行剖析,指出其不足,进而创造性地提出新的目标设置与验证方法——EP相对法。EP相对法是利用能量与产量关系图及其衍生的一元线性回归模型对不同产量下的能耗进行预测性计算,并将其结果做基准数据的一种新的清洁生产审核目标设置与验证方法。它有效地克服了现有设置方法...     

水样中亚铁及总铁含量连续测定方法探讨

文章研究了在同一样品溶液中连续测定亚铁和总铁的分析方法,对同一标准样品溶液和实际样品进行了单独测定亚铁和总铁含量的实验,同时在完成亚铁含量测定后加入试剂,进行了总铁含量的连续测定,并对实验数据进行相对误差分析。结果表明:单独和连续测定的总铁含量数据无显著性差异,方法切实可行。     

湿度显示卡在防水试验中的应用

文章介绍了采用湿度显示卡在产品防水试验中的应用。结合IP等级中的防水试验,通过分析产品的防水结构与内部主要安全部件,科学使用与排布湿度显示卡,准确判定进水路径,以此达到对防水试验结果的准确判定与分析。     

Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the humidity index in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Using the daily observation data of meteorological stations from 1961 to 2020, the monthly, seasonal, and annual scales of the humidity indices in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past 60 years were calculated, and the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal trends of the humidity indices were analyzed. The results showed that in the past 60 years, the humidity indices of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have shown decreasing trends in most areas, and the most significant decreases were in the summer and autumn. The low-value areas of the humidity indices were mainly distributed in Xinjiang and western Tibet, and the high-value areas were mainly distributed in southeastern Tibet, western Yunnan, and the eastern edge of the western Sichuan Plateau. In terms of temporal trends, the average humidity index in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region has had a significant decreasing trend since the 1980s, and there were abrupt points in autumn and winter in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The annual, spring, and summer humidity indices had abrupt points in 2005. The decreasing trend rate of humidity index in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was 0.008 a-1 from 1961 to 2020. Significant decreasing trends were mainly distributed in southern and eastern Qinghai, Gansu, northern Sichuan Plateau, southwestern Sichuan, Yunnan, and eastern Tibet. In summary, the humidity index of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed a distribution characteristic of high in the southeast and low in the northwest and showed a significant decreasing trend from 1961 to 2020. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF EV1 DISTRIBUTION FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: The parameters of the extreme value type 1 distribution were estimated for 55 annual flood data sets by seven methods. These are the methods of (1) moments, (2) probability weighted moments, (3) mixed moments, (4) maximum likelihood estimation, (5) incomplete means, (6) principle of maximum entropy, and (7) least squares. The method of maximum likelihood estimation was found to be the best and the method of incomplete means the worst. The differences between the methods of principle of maximum entropy, probability weighted moments, moments, and least squares were only minor. The difference between these methods and the method of maximum likelihood was not pronounced.     

ASSESSING RELATIVE RISKS TO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: A MID-APPALACHIAN CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: Aquatic monitoring aims to assess the condition of aquatic habitats and biota. To make statements about condition, the range of human activities and the risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems must be identified. Assessing relative risk and placing sample sites on a human disturbance gradient is necessary for interpreting biological response and distinguishing human disturbance from natural controls in aquatic systems. We describe a process that uses readily available sources, such as topographic maps, aerial photographs, and field information, to identify and prioritize stream reach and watershed stressors for 102 streams in the mid-Appalachian region of the United States. All perceptible human alterations to riparian and upland areas along with their number, type, intensity, and extent of impact were recorded and ranked; a relative risk index was developed to assign scores to the watersheds. The resulting risk index scores were consistent with measures of stream condition based on water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates. The risk index gives a cost-effective, regional picture of the relative risk of impairment to aquatic ecosystems in the mid-Appalachian region of the USA and could be modified for other regions or ecosystem types.