高吸湿性树脂材料的研究进展

高吸湿性树脂材料是一种具有优异的吸湿、保湿性能的功能高分子材料,可以适用于不同吸湿需求的场合。综述了高吸湿性树脂材料的主要类型、研究状况及其存在的不足,探讨了高吸湿性树脂材料的吸湿机理,展望了高吸湿性树脂材料的发展和应用前景。     

Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter(OM).Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.     

乌鲁木齐市相对资源承载力与可持续发展问题研究

文章采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,以全国和新疆作为参照区域,分别计算了1996年-2008年时段内的各年乌鲁木齐市自然资源、经济资源的相对承载力和综合承载力,同时分析了它们的动态变化过程。研究结果表明,1996年以来乌鲁木齐市的相对自然资源(土地资源和水资源)承载力始终处于超载状态,相对经济资源承载力始终呈富余状态,并且继续攀升。1996年-2004年综合资源承载力处于富余阶段,2004年之后始终处于超载。经济资源对于综合资源承载力的贡献远远大于土地资源和水资源承载力的贡献,经济资源占绝对优势。土地资源的紧缺和水资源的缺乏将成为乌鲁木齐市社会经济可持续发展的重要限制因素,因此,实现人口、资源、环境与经济的相互协调,提高土地资源和水资源承载力以及转变经济增长模式、保持绿色GDP的增长是保证乌鲁木齐市可持续发展的最关键问题。     

模糊综合评判法在水质评价中的应用——以松花江流域为例

社会的快速发展在给人类带来经济效益的同时,也给环境尤其是水环境造成极大的压力,水质问题是当今社会亟待解决的重大难题之一。水质是诸多因素影响的结果,具有一定程度的不确定性,所以在水质评价中需要综合考虑模糊因素。本文采用模糊综合评判法对松花江流域八个断面水质进行评价,引入数学隶属度的概念,针对多种评价因子指标值大小表示的污染程度不同,采用两种隶属度计算公式,且客观定量地确定各污染因子的权重,从而确定水质类别。     

干湿球法测量烟气湿度的准确性探讨

通过选择典型的温湿度污染源,利用干湿球法在不同湿球水套环境条件下对污染源烟气湿度进行现场比对测试,监测结果分析表明,干湿球法测定污染源烟气湿度在湿球水套温度改变的情况下,测量结果会随着外环境温度升高而变大,两者之间呈正相关关系。     

Density estimation using ranked-set sampling data

The ranked-set sampling (RSS) is applicable in practical problems where the variable of interest for an observed item is costly or time-consuming but the ranking of a set of items according to the variable can be easily done without actual measurement. In the context of RSS, the need for density estimation arises in certain statistical procedures. The density estimation also has its own interest. In this article, we develop a method for the density estimation using RSS data. We derive the properties of the resulted density estimate and compare it with its counterpart in simple random sampling (SRS). It is shown that the density estimate using RSS data provides a better estimate of the density than the usual density estimate using SRS data. The density estimate developed in this article can well serve various purposes in the context of RSS.     

广州市生活用水量变化影响因子浅析

本文就广州市生活用水量日益增长的现象,根据实际情况选取变化幅度较大和影响较显著的４ 个指标,采用１９９２ 年～１９９７ 年的数据对广州市生活用水量变化进行了灰色关联分析,并提出了减缓该市生活用水量的几点建议。     

格尔木地区集装箱内部温度-湿度条件研究

某些特殊物资对温度、湿度等环境条件有特殊的要求,特别是集装箱作为密闭的箱体,其内部环境条件更加恶劣。为了保证进藏特殊物资安全开展集装箱运输,作者在格尔木地区对集装箱内部温、湿度环境条件及其影响因素即大气环境温度、太阳辐射强度和风速进行了测试,最后运用统计分析方法建立了集装箱内部温度数学模型,得出了内部最恶劣温度范围,从而为特殊物资安全进箱提供理论依据。     

Effects of climate and land-cover change on the conservation status of gibbons

Species shift their distribution in response to climate and land-cover change, which may result in a spatial mismatch between currently protected areas (PAs) and priority conservation areas (PCAs). We examined the effects of climate and land-cover change on potential range of gibbons and sought to identify PCAs that would conserve them effectively. We collected global gibbon occurrence points and modeled (ecological niche model) their current and potential 2050s ranges under climate-change and different land-cover-change scenarios. We examined change in range and PA coverage between the current and future ranges of each gibbon species. We applied spatial conservation prioritization to identify the top 30% PCAs for each species. We then determined how much of the PCAs are conserved in each country within the global range of gibbons. On average, 31% (SD 22) of each species’ current range was covered in PAs. PA coverage of the current range of 9 species was <30%. Nine species lost on average 46% (SD 29) of their potential range due to climate change. Under climate-change with an optimistic land-cover-change scenario (B1), 12 species lost 39% (SD 28) of their range. In a pessimistic land-cover-change scenario (A2), 15 species lost 36% (SD 28) of their range. Five species lost significantly more range under the A2 scenario than the B1 scenario (p = 0.01, SD 0.01), suggesting that gibbons will benefit from effective management of land cover. PA coverage of future range was <30% for 11 species. On average, 32% (SD 25) of PCAs were covered by PAs. Indonesia contained more species and PCAs and thus has the greatest responsibility for gibbon conservation. Indonesia, India, and Myanmar need to expand their PAs to fulfill their responsibility to gibbon conservation. Our results provide a baseline for global gibbon conservation, particularly for countries lacking gibbon research capacity.     

Occurrence and volatility of several trace elements in pulverized coal boiler

The contents of eight trace elements(Mn, Cr, Pb, As, Se, Zn, Cd, Hg) in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash were measured in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting distribution of trace elements were investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements‘ characters. One coefficient of Meij was also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. These elements may be classified into three groups according to their distribution: Group 1. Hg, which is very volatile. Group 2: Pb, Zn, Cd, which are partially volatile. Group 3: Mn, which is hardly volatile. Se may be located between groups 1 and 2. Cr has properties of both group ! and 3. In addition, the smaller diameter of fly ash, the more relative enrichment of trace elements (except Mn). The fly ash showed different adsorption mechanisms of trace elements and the volatilization of trace elements rises with furnace temperature. Relative enrichments of trace elements(except Mn and Cr) in fly ash are larger than that in bottom ash. Low oxygen content can not always improve the volatilization of trace elements. Pb is easier to form chloride than Cd during coal combustion. Trace elements should be classified in accordance with factors.