催化铁内电解-生物处理耦合技术的机理及研究进展

催化铁内电解技术(简称催化铁技术)是同济大学城市污染控制国家工程研究中心自主研发的新型废水处理方法。介绍了催化铁-生物处理耦合技术的机理,总结了近年来该技术的研究进展,并在此基础上指出了该技术目前存在的问题及发展方向。对于催化铁-生物处理耦合技术而言,考察在实际应用中的影响因素、完善催化铁的后续处理、深入分析反应机理及可控路径、探索与不同处理工艺的兼容性、提高长期运行的稳定性等是今后需重点关注的研究内容。     

Contextualizing leaders' interpretations of proactive followership

Although proactive followership behavior is often viewed as instrumental to group success, leaders do not always respond favorably to the actions of overly eager followers. Guided by a constructivist perspective, we investigated how interpretations of followership differ across the settings in which acts of leadership and followership emerge. In thematically analyzing data from semi‐structured interviews with leaders of high‐performing teams, we depict how the construal of follower behaviors relates to various contextual factors underscoring leader–follower interactions. Prototypical characteristics were described in relation to ideal followership (i.e., active independent thought, ability to process self‐related information accurately, collective orientation, and relational transparency). However, proactive followership behaviors were subject to the situational and relational demands that were salient during leader–follower interactions. Notably, the presence of third‐party observers, the demands of the task, stage in the decision‐making process, suitability of the targeted issue, and relational dynamics influenced which follower behaviors were viewed as appropriate from the leader's perspective. These findings provide insight into when leaders are more likely to endorse proactive followership, suggesting that proactive followership requires an awareness of how to calibrate one's actions in accordance with prevailing circumstances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

饮用水消毒技术发展趋势的文献计量学分析

消毒过程是饮用水安全保障研究的热点,本文采用文献计量学的方法对2000—2012年间的学术论文和发明专利进行了分析,明确了全球在饮用水消毒领域的研究动态和趋势以及我国存在的主要差距.结果表明全球对该领域研究的关注度持续增加,其研究热点主要集中在消毒技术工艺和消毒副产物两方面,其中氯化、臭氧氧化、氯化消毒副产物是近十余年的关注焦点.美国和瑞士作为本领域研究的主要领先国家分别在文章产出量和研究水平上位列第一,值得注意的是瑞士在本领域的研究偏重于高级氧化技术和新型消毒副产物.我国的发文量仅次于美国而专利申请量仅次于日本,但研究水平远落后于世界领先国家.我国的研究工作主要集中在氯氧化消毒工艺和常规消毒副产物生成与控制,原创性研究有待加强.本研究对明确我国饮用水消毒技术的发展趋势和研究人员选题具有重要意义.     

长沙市大气中总挥发性有机物分布特征、变化规律及污染对策研究

为调查长沙市大气中TVOC的分布特征及变化规律,研究其污染控制措施,按照相关标准和技术规范,在不同的功能区划和行政区划内合理布设12个监测点位,分季节采集样品,使用热脱附－气相色谱法进行检测,利用反距离权重插值和遥感解译等方法进行综合分析。结果表明：长沙市大气中苯与甲苯（ B／T）特征比值为0．58,汽车尾气是长沙市苯系物和TVOC的主要来源;长沙市不同的工业区TVOC浓度有显著差异,工业区合理布局,增加绿化面积,可以有效的降低TVOC浓度。     

城市环境污水治理的探析与研究

针对如何搞好城市环境污水的治理探析问题,介绍了中国城市污水治理的现状,同时介绍了城市污水处理的方法,如城市利用活性污泥处理污水方法、利用生物膜处理污水方法、利用氧化处理污水方法,并探讨了如何对城市环境污水进行治理的探究,文中介绍了增强城市污水集中处理的力度、如何加强污水管网的配套建设、如何对城市污水分散处理回用和采用新的污水处理工艺及提高污水再生效率.只有这样才能加快城市的发展,有利于搞好城市环境污水的治理目标.     

全国碳交易形势下中国企业应对策略研究

全球气候变暖是人类面临的共同挑战,碳交易是为促进温室气体减排而采取的市场机制.就企业而言,碳交易直接关系到企业的生存和发展.2011年中国开展了七省市碳交易试点工作,全国碳市场将依据中国碳交易试点地区的经验设计并计划于2017年启动.本文介绍了碳交易的背景和国内外发展的新形势,总结了中国碳交易的试点状况,从而根据试点地区的碳交易模式和清洁发展机制(CDM)提出了中国企业应对全国碳交易市场的策略.     

杭州市环境污染第三方治理现状及发展对策

环境污染第三方治理是污染治理的新思路,是治污模式的转变和专业化分工的必然结果.杭州市在环境污染第三方治理方面尚处于摸索和自发阶段,主要在城市生活污水、生活垃圾收集处理、农村生活污水设施运维等领域有较多实践,与其它城市存在类似的发展问题:缺乏明确的政策支持、家底了解不全面、相关方责任划分不明确、第三方市场机制未建立等.通过摸清家底、明确相关方责任、建立第三方治理的准入退出机制、改善投融资环境、开展试点工作等,能初步推动杭州市环境污染第三方治理的健康发展.     

Trade-offs and synergies in joint knowledge creation for coastal management: insights from ecology-oriented sand nourishment in the Netherlands

In order to successfully inform environmental management, environmental research needs to balance legitimacy, credibility, and salience. This paper aims to identify trade-offs and synergies between these three attributes in collaborative research for environmental management, and draws lessons for organizing such research. Empirically, it draws on a study of a research program on the ecological effects of coastal protection through sand nourishment. Our findings suggest that the legitimacy and salience of knowledge creation, particularly in an interactive governance context, are complementary. At the same time, we found trade-offs between practical relevance and fundamental knowledge creation, as well as between issue diversity and the depth and quality of scientific inquiry. Balancing the legitimacy, credibility, and salience of knowledge may be enabled by interactive knowledge creation involving policy-makers, experts and stakeholders. We conclude that successful management-oriented environmental research, particularly in the case of wicked problems, requires both a careful design of arrangements for stakeholder engagement, and well- established linkages to broader regulatory and institutional contexts.     

Feasibility of using high‐resolution satellite imagery to assess vertebrate wildlife populations

Although remote sensing has been used for >40 years to learn about Earth, use of very high‐resolution satellite imagery (VHR) (<1‐m resolution) has become more widespread over the past decade for studying wildlife. As image resolution increases, there is a need to understand the capabilities and limitations of this exciting new path in wildlife research. We reviewed studies that used VHR to examine remote populations of wildlife. We then determined characteristics of the landscape and the life history of species that made the studies amenable to use of satellite imagery and developed a list of criteria necessary for appropriate use of VHR in wildlife research. From 14 representative articles, we determined 3 primary criteria that must be met for a system and species to be appropriately studied with VHR: open landscape, target organism's color contrasts with the landscape, and target organism is of detectable size. Habitat association, temporal exclusivity, coloniality, landscape differentiation, and ground truthing increase the utility of VHR for wildlife research. There is an immediate need for VHR imagery in conservation research, particularly in remote areas of developing countries, where research can be difficult. For wildlife researchers interested in but unfamiliar with remote sensing resources and tools, understanding capabilities and current limitations of VHR imagery is critical to its use as a conservation and wildlife research tool.