北京地铁1号线A站乘客疏散行为实测研究

地铁作为人员密集场所,一旦发生突发事件,如何在突发事件下合理快速的组织地铁乘客疏散至安全区域,是地铁运营部门急需解决的重大问题。通过对北京地铁1号线A站常态下人员疏散情况的实测,分析研究不同人群在不同地点的疏散速度及乘客在疏散路径选择上的差异等行为特征,并通过实测,统计出乘客从站台疏散至地铁各出入口所需的时间。研究结果为地铁乘客疏散行为特征研究及疏散计算模型边界条件的设置提供支撑。     

四川省噪声污染现状与防治对策

随着城镇化的进程不断加快,环境噪声污染问题日益突出,为了创建和谐社会,实现人类社会的可持续发展,还公众一个宁静安逸的生活环境,必须做好噪声的控制和消减工作,本文根据对2012年四川省噪声污染现状及治理方法的调研,分析在噪声防治过程中存在的问题,提出了健全噪声管理机制、声环境功能区划定或调整、严格声环境污染项目审批等与四川省实际情况相适应的的噪声防治对策。     

环保型阻垢剂的研究进展

介绍了近年来循环冷却水系统中环保型阻垢剂的研究进展。重点阐述了价廉无污染的淀粉、单宁、木质素、纤维素、壳聚糖和腐植酸钠等天然高分子环保型阻垢剂,以及目前广泛应用的共聚物类的环保型阻垢剂和聚环氧琥珀酸、聚天冬氨酸、S-羧乙基硫代琥珀酸等新型环保型阻垢剂的阻垢性能和环境降解性能,并对这些阻垢剂的应用现状进行了阐述。而改性和复配是环保型阻垢剂的发展趋势。     

基于底栖动物完整性指数的长江口-杭州湾潮间带水生态状况评价

利用生物完整性指数评价流域水生态状况,所得结果对水环境管理决策有重要指导意义。以2006年崇明东滩底栖动物监测数据为参照状态数据,利用长江口1991—2019年和杭州湾2004—2019年潮间带底栖动物监测数据构建底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI),最终从56个候选指标中确定了6个核心指标:Marglef指数、软体动物相对多度、甲壳动物+多毛纲相对多度、ASPT、科级生物指数和捕食者相对多度。B-IBI评价结果显示:优秀等级样本有44个,良好等级72个,中等等级31个,较差等级7个,很差等级4个;杭州湾北岸水生态状况显著优于长江口南岸(P<0.05)。经验证,B-IBI与水质综合污染指数呈极显著相关(P<0.01),能够有效指示研究区域的水生态状况。     

国内外环境安全研究进展述评

环境安全是环境问题日益加剧和恶化而对人类社会构成的安全层次上的威胁。本文研究的目标是从整体上描绘当前环境安全研究的大致轮廓和发展前景。本文将当前国内外环境安全研究划分为三种视角并分别进行了述评：①“传统安全视角”：从传统安全的视角研究环境问题对传统安全的影响;②“狭义环境安全视角”：从安全的视角研究日益恶化的狭义环境问题：③“广义环境安全视角”：从安全的视角研究生态、资源、灾害等领域的广义环境问题。通过比较和评论,认为“狭义环境安全视角”研究针对人类社会面临的“继续生存还是自我毁灭”的“新生存安全问题”,揭示了环境安全研究的核心科学问题,具有重要的研究意义和前景。就目前研究而言。在探讨环境安全基本理论和科学问题的同时。应注重加强在国家环境安全、生态环境安全、突发环境安全事件等领域的技术方法、案例的应用型研究。     

多源数据融合的城市区域型消防风险分布特征研究 ——以太原都市圈所在区域为例

分析区域消防风险的空间演化特征,针对性建立并调整消防站点,可预见性地降低消防风险.以太原都市圈所在区域作为研究对象,将遥感数据、POI兴趣点数据经标准化处理后融入GIS-GANP模型中,识别城市区域间特异性消防风险因子,探讨区域消防风险系数及空间分布特征,并多角度分析消防站点规划趋势.结果表明:POI数据符合区域融合发...     

Constructing collaborative communities of researchers in the environmental domain. A case study of interdisciplinary research between legal scholars and policy analysts

The article offers an analysis of the interactions between legal and policy science researchers within a European project on flood risk management using a “Policy Arrangement Approach” (PAA). While interdisciplinary research is increasingly becoming a ‘must’ in environmental governance, under what conditions is cooperation possible and desirable? Our analysis shows that the PAA is not mobilized as an interdisciplinary method, but offers a framework for researchers from different disciplines to learn to work together on a subject such as flooding, requiring interdisciplinary insights. The paper shows the steps that are progressively put in place to reach a common language and reformulate issues by benefitting from each other’s view and approaches. The article concludes by drawing attention to new means of knowledge production relating to so-called “messy” or “wicked” problems, such as environmental issues. Within this framework, interdisciplinary work is not considered to be a pre-condition for the study, but rather the result of the research process itself. The analysis draws attention to the actual (working) conditions established to create an interdisciplinary community of flooding practices by challenging disciplinary borders.     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

矿用耐崩风筒在掘进迎头的性能研究

进行矿用风筒现场应用的实际性能实验，可以全面直观的检验风筒的通风性能和抗炮崩能力，对于风筒产品的质量考核和掘进迎头的通风安全具有重要意义。本文针对新型Kevlar耐崩风筒，研究矿用风筒性能的判定指标和检测方法，并在全岩巷道掘进工作面、半煤岩巷道掘进工作面以及全煤巷道掘进工作面进行Kevlar风筒现场应用实验，与我国目前矿山普遍使用的玻纤布风筒的现场应用进行对比，从物理机械强度、通风性能以及掘进成本等方面分析Kevlar耐崩风筒的实际性能，研究Kevlar风筒替代玻纤布风筒的可行性。经过现场应用的实验和检验，Kevlar风筒比目前国内应用的玻纤布风筒性能优越，具有经济、安全、耐用、便捷的特点。