城市环境污染治理设施与社会管理的研究

中国城市环境管理模式虽然有了很大进步,但存在资金的较大压力,使城市环境的运营能力薄弱、工作质量不佳等问题,这些问题阻碍了城市环境污染治理工作.尤其是起步较晚的市场化管理模式,虽然已能够实现城市环境污染治理与社会管理,但管理水平还处于较低的现状,建议通过加强城市环境的法制建设、建立激励政策、加强对运营机构的监管,采取双赢机制,来提高环境污染治理与社会运营管理的市场化.     

秸秆沼气综合利用项目运营期的环境影响评价研究

根据环境影响评价的方法和导则,分析了秸秆沼气综合利用项目运营期对环境产生的不良影响,预测和评价了运营期的大气、废水和噪声污染.结果表明,运营期排放的废水可以满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准;烟(粉)尘、SO2是大气污染物的主要成分,项目高噪设备在厂界四周的噪声叠加值满足噪声排放标准.同时提出了相应的环保措施,总结了此类项目环境影响评价的特点.     

水库渗漏水流溶解氧与水温沿程恢复的试验研究

水库底层低温低氧水从坝体下泄或渗漏,可能对下游生态产生不利影响。通过对湖北温峡水库下游温峡河225 km河段的野外试验,测量溶解氧、水温等指标的日变化和沿程变化,开展复氧试验研究阶梯深潭结构和沙洲对溶解氧的影响,并取样分析大型底栖无脊椎动物的沿程分布。结果表明,流速对水温与溶解氧日变化规律无明显影响。试验河段水温和溶解氧恢复很快,经过17 km的河段,水温从123℃升高至300℃,且溶解氧饱和度基本达到饱和。河宽对水温恢复起重要作用,对溶解氧影响较小,对复氧速度基本无影响。流量通过改变淹没程度影响阶梯深潭的复氧能力。溶解氧在沙洲下游存在横向分布,滞水区溶解氧高于左右汊道。溶解氧是水库下游水生态的控制因素,物种多样性随溶解氧的升高而增加     

作物种植专业化与化肥减量来源——兼顾经营规模的影响

以作物种植横向专业化和纵向专业化为切入点,运用中国13个粮食主产省份1980—2018年的面板数据,考察了作物种植专业化对农业化肥减量的影响及其作用机制。研究主要发现：（1）基础回归分析表明,作物种植横向专业化和纵向专业化均对化肥施用强度具有显著的削减效应,对化肥的利用效率有显著的增效作用。且作物种植纵向专业化或社会化服务卷入程度加深,能够增强横向专业化对化肥的减量增效作用。（2）影响路径分析表明,作物种植横向专业化通过扩大农地经营规模,进而增强了作物种植纵向专业化对化肥施用强度的削减效应和利用效率的增效作用。但也应警惕,通过扩大农地经营规模以增强作物种植纵向专业化的减量效应可能存在临界水平。此外,当作物种植横向专业化和纵向专业化积极配合时,可能推移临界点的到来。据此,通过发展作物种植横向专业化,鼓励农户通过服务外包卷入农业的纵向专业化分工以及发展农业适度规模经营,进而实现农业领域化肥的减量增效。     

Effects of artificially induced complete mixing on dissolved organic matter in a stratified source water reservoir

Naturally complete mixing promotes the spontaneous redistribution of dissolved oxygen(DO), representing an ideal state for maintaining good water quality, and conducive to the biomineralization of organic matter. Water lifting aerators(WLAs) can extend the periods of complete mixing and increase the initial mixing temperature. To evaluate the influence of artificial-induced continuously mixing on dissolved organic matter(DOM) removal performance, the variations of DOM concentrations, optical cha...     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

滇中高原水库外源污染负荷贡献解析与环境容量核算

为探究高原型水库上游流域的污染负荷来源及其贡献率,并计算水库的水环境容量,以云南高原柴石滩水库为研究对象,应用排污系数法估算了水库上游流域污染来源,运用水文和水质同步监测资料计算入库污染负荷,采用富营养化模型核算了不同水质目标情景下水库TN和TP的最大容量.结果表明：(1)柴石滩水库及其以上流域主要特征污染物为TN和TP;(2)水库上游流域的COD和TP主要来源于农村面源污染,贡献率分别为49.40%和50.11%; NH⁺₄-N和TN主要来源于城镇生活污染,贡献率分别为45.76%和33.77%;农村面源污染贡献中,陆良县COD和TP贡献率最大,分别为34.82%和36.82%;城镇生活污染贡献中,麒麟区COD、 NH⁺₄-N、 TN和TP贡献率最大,均高达65%.(3)COD、 NH⁺₄-N、 TN和TP污染负荷入河量分别为28 050.90、2 465.16、4 680.54和870.93 t·a^-1,TN和TP污染负荷入库量分...     

试论中国环境投资的市场化运作

针对政府财政资金不能满足环境投资资金的短缺现象及环境投资的低效率，本文从国民经济的宏观层面分析中国环境投资市场化运作的必要性与可能性。结合现实中国环境投资市场化运作中政府、排污企业及金融企业在环境治理中存在的非市场行为。指出应规范政府、排污企业的环境投资行为，使其成为理性的环境投资主体，同时还应培育新的环境投资主体——环境投资公司。最终理源环境保护市场内部的关系。     

环保设施运营资质证书管理的变化趋势探析

根据国家及行业协会的有关规定要求,环境污染治理设施运营资质认定的管理方式实行改革,资质证书管理已完成了从行政许可到行业自律管理的过渡。阐述了资质证书管理方式转变的意义和重要性,以及具体实行中需要注意的问题和对策。     

Upstream Sediment‐Control Dams: Five Decades of Experience in the Rapidly Eroding Dahan River Basin,Taiwan

Sedimentation is emerging as a key issue in sustainable reservoir management. One approach to controlling reservoir sedimentation is to trap sediment in hydraulic structures upstream of the reservoir. In the 1,163‐km² catchment of the Dahan River (Taiwan) over 120 “sabo” dams were built to reduce sediment yield to Shihmen Reservoir. Built in 1963 for water supply, Shihmen has lost over 40% of its 290‐Mm³ storage capacity to sedimentation. Most of these upstream structures were small, but three had capacities >9 Mm³. Field measurements and historical data from the Water Resources Agency show most smaller dams had filled with sediment by 1976. The three largest were full or nearly so by 2007, when one (Barlin Dam) failed, releasing a pulse of 7.5 Mm³, most of its 10.4 Mm³ stored sediment downstream. The Central Range of Taiwan is rapidly eroding (denudation rates 3‐6 mm/yr), so geologically high loads make sediment problems manifest sooner. Even in other environments, however, eventually small dams built upstream of large reservoirs are likely to fill themselves, creating multiple small sediment‐filled reservoirs, some located in sites inaccessible to mechanical removal. Our analysis suggests sabo dams do not offer a long‐term basis for controlling reservoir sedimentation in such a high‐sediment yield environment. Sustainable solutions must somehow pass sediment downstream, as would be accomplished by a sediment bypass around Shihmen Reservoir, as now being studied.