Guidelines and Incentives for Conservation Development in Local Land‐Use Regulations

Effective conservation of biological diversity on private lands will require changes in land‐use policy and development practice. Conservation development (CD) is an alternative form of residential development in which homes are built on smaller lots and clustered together and the remainder of the property is permanently protected for conservation purposes. We assessed the degree to which CD is permitted and encouraged by local land‐use regulations in 414 counties in the western United States. Thirty‐two percent of local planning jurisdictions have adopted CD ordinances, mostly within the past 10 years. CD ordinances were adopted in counties with human population densities that were 3.0 times greater and in counties with 2.5 times more land use at urban, suburban, and exurban densities than counties without CD ordinances. Despite strong economic incentives for CD (e.g., density bonuses, which allow for a mean of 66% more homes to be built per subdivision area), several issues may limit the effectiveness of CD for biological diversity conservation. Although most CD ordinances required a greater proportion of the site area be protected than in a typical residential development, just 13% (n = 17) of the ordinances required an ecological site analysis to identify and map features that should be protected. Few CD ordinances provided guidelines regarding the design and configuration of the protected lands, including specifying a minimum size for protected land parcels or encouraging contiguity with other protected lands within or near to the site. Eight percent (n =11) of CD ordinances encouraged consultation with a biological expert or compliance with a conservation plan. We recommend that conservation scientists help to improve the effectiveness of CD by educating planning staff and government officials regarding biological diversity conservation, volunteering for their local planning boards, or consulting on development reviews. Guías e Incentivos para el Desarrollo de la Conservación en Regulaciones de Uso Local de Suelos     

农村居民点多维形态空间格局与耦合类型

农村居民点空间形态的系统认识与分类研究是乡村整治和科学实施乡村振兴的重要基础。以北京市平谷区为研究区域,从规模、结构和功能三个维度构建农村居民点形态识别指标,使用多因素综合评价法得到275个行政村的规模强度、结构合理度和功能协调度,借助ArcGIS和GeoDa依次对三者进行空间关联分析,进而基于三维特征划分出8种农村居民点耦合类型。结果表明：（1）平谷区农村居民点规模强度、结构合理度和功能协调度在空间上均存在空间集聚的正相关性,空间分布分别呈现“递进式”“圈层式”和“镶嵌式”格局。（2）平谷区农村居民点多维形态的地域差异性显著,全区62.8%的村庄表现为低强度,51.3%的村庄表现为结构不合理,61.4%的村庄表现为功能不协调。（3）平谷区以T1-S1-F2型（高强度—合理—不协调型）和T1-S2-F2型（高强度—不合理—不协调型）的农村居民点为主,两者共占农村居民点总量的60.1%,前者主要分布在距离城区较近的乡镇,后者主要分布在距离城区较远的北部、西南部和东部的山地丘陵区。（4）规模强度高、结构不合理、功能不协调的农村居民点类型是平谷区乡村协同发展的主要障碍,政策制度、技术工程、产业扶持等差别化治理模式是推进农村居民点可持续性利用和乡村振兴的关键。     

秦皇岛市“在水一方”住宅小区雨洪利用工程示范研究

秦皇岛市"在水一方"住宅小区在建设过程中实施了雨水收集或入渗回补地下等措施,取得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。为促进城市水资源的可持续利用和城市水环境的不断改善,秦皇岛市要加大宣传力度,强化公众参与意识;完善相关政策,规范雨洪利用行为;利用经济手段,激励人们自觉利用雨洪资源。     

我国住宅产业的现状及其发展对策

本文分析了我国住宅产业的状况和存在的问题，阐述了住宅产业作为新的经济增长点在我国国民经济发展中的拉动作用，并提出了发展住宅产业的重点和对策。     

住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染特征及源强度评估

为了解住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染水平并分析其影响因素且评估源排放强度,采用TSI AM-510型智能防爆粉尘仪对北京市4所住宅室内外的PM_(10)进行现场监测评价。结果显示:在室外PM_(10)浓度较低时,室内污染源会造成室内空气品质下降;室内PM_(10)受吸烟、烹饪、通风、室外交通及室外PM_(10)等影响;室内污染严重时I/O比较大;室内外PM_(10)污染呈线性规律的2个住宅室内PM_(10)的源排放均强度约为6.627,7.290 mg/h。     

城市烂尾楼建筑废弃物的二次有效利用研究

城市烂尾楼拆除有助于提升城市总体形象,但拆除后的建筑废弃物又会对城市环境造成严重的污染,为此提出一种针对烂尾楼建筑废弃物有效处理及二次利用的方法研究.基于循环经济理论及废弃物破损理论,设计了一种建筑废弃物再生利用工艺方法,利用建筑废弃物再生设备将废弃物破碎后再进行筛分处理,详尽分析了影响废弃物再生的各项工艺因素,提高废弃物再生骨料的性能,实现对烂尾楼建筑废弃物的二次有效利用.结果表明,提出的方法研究性能稳定、可靠、可以降低烂尾楼拆除成本,具有一定的推广价值.     

基于面源模型的城市内部居住环境区位优势度分析

首先,利用ARC/INFO平台将研究区域划分成若干元胞(cell),作为居住环境区位优势度空间评价基本单元,各种统计运算以元胞为单位进行,结果通过元胞显示出来,就可以构造面源模型。运用该模型对居住环境区位优势度研究,有效解决了不同空间单元信息如何在同一单元融合的问题,弥补以往选取若干典型小区的片状研究方法的若干不足。其次,对佳木斯市居住环境区位优势度进行分析,最后,在Arcmap平台下,充分发挥GIS的逻辑查询和图形叠置功能,建立了呈不规则四圈层的单核心居住环境区位优势度评价空间结构模式图。     

INFLUENCES ON RESIDENTIAL YARD CARE AND WATER QUALITY: TUALATIN WATERSHED,OREGON1

ABSTRACT: The Tualatin is the first watershed in Oregon to implement the Total Maximum Daily Load provisions of the Clean Water Act to deal with nonpoint source pollution. Local officials cite residential yard care practices as potential contributors to nonpoint source pollution in the basin. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including observation of yard maintenance styles, suggest behaviors potentially harmful to water quality and conservation. Yard maintenance is influenced by the importance of neighborhood appearance and concern for aesthetics. These concerns stimulate residents to water, fertilize, and apply weed control at more frequent intervals than yard care experts recommend. Better understanding of the effects that relations with neighbors and yard maintenance knowledge have on residential yard care practices can help improve water quality.     

Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff1

Woltemade, Christopher J., 2010. Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 700-711. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00442.x Abstract: Soil disturbances such as excavation and compaction in residential developments affect lawn infiltration rates and stormwater runoff. These effects were investigated via measuring saturated infiltration rates at 108 residential sites and 18 agricultural sites near Shippensburg, south-central Pennsylvania, using a double-ring infiltrometer. Residential sites included four neighborhoods distributed across three soil series classified as hydrologic soil group (HSG) B. Additional parcel data included date of house construction, percentage impervious area, lawn condition, and woody vegetation condition. Measured infiltration rates ranged from 0 to >40 cm/hour. Analysis of variance indicated significantly different mean infiltration rates (p < 0.001) for lots constructed pre-2000 (9.0 cm/hour) and those constructed post-2000 (2.8 cm/hour). Test results were used to determine a “field-tested” HSG for each site, representing disturbed soil conditions. Stormwater runoff was estimated from residential lots for a range of 24-hour design storms using the TR-55 model and several alternative methods of determining curve numbers, including five different representations of soil conditions. Curve numbers and stormwater runoff were substantially higher when based on field-tested HSGs for lots constructed post-2000 compared with lots built pre-2000 and when based on the HSG for undisturbed soils, documenting the magnitude of possible error in stormwater runoff models that neglect soil disturbance.     

西南地区农村生活污水治理规划体系研究——以自贡市沿滩区为例

为科学规划农村生活污水治理,进一步解决西南地区农村生活污水粗放、分散等问题.在充分调研沿滩区农村生活污水现状,收集国土、人口、DEM、水系、水源保护区等多项数据,建立了农村居民聚集区识别、环境敏感村划定方法,识别出沿滩区48个环境敏感区村庄、74个农村聚居区,构建出更为科学的农村生活污水治理规划体系,为农村生活污水整治...